🥰

Question 1

Normal neural binary acids

Answer 1

H - hydro

Then end in ic

Question 2

Polyatomic anions

Answer 2

H- nothing

If ion ends in ate then ic acid
If ion ends in ite then us acid

Question 3

Arrhenius acid and base

Answer 3

Acid : increases h+
Base : increases OH-

Equation

Acid : HNO3 -> H+ + NO3-
Base : NaOH -> Na+ + OH-

Acid + base —> water + salt
HCl + NaOH —-> H2O + NaCl

Question 4

Bronsted Lowry acid and base

Answer 4

Acid : proton donor
Base: proton acceptor

Equation

Hcl+ H2O —> H3O + cl-

Reaction doesn’t need to happen in water
A reaction with water is called hydrolysis

Question 5

How to write neutralization reaction containing an acid and base containing oh-

Answer 5

Forms water and a salt

Question 6

Titrant

Answer 6

Reagent of known concentration

Question 7

Titration

Answer 7

Titration
A chemical reaction used to determine the exact amount of a reagent

Titrant is carefully added to a known volume of analyte to find the equivalence point which can be used to find the concentration

Question 8

Analyte

Answer 8

Reagent of unknown concentration

Question 9

Equivalence point

Answer 9

Equivalence point is when all the analyte has been reacted with the Titrant

Question 10

Purpose of indicator

Answer 10

Is to determine the equivalence point

Turns colors to know that the reaction is done

Question 11

Strong acids

Answer 11

HCl
Hbr
HI
HNO3
H2SO4
HCLO4
HCLO3
Are irreversible and completely dissociate

Question 12

Strong bases

Answer 12

LioH
NaOH
KOH
RbOH
CsOH

Question 13

Strong and weak acid or base

Answer 13

Strong acid / base completely separates when places into a solution

Question 14

Equilibrium constant for acid or base

Answer 14

Ka(acid) = (h30)(products)/reactants
Don’t include water !!!!!

Ka * Kb= 1x10^-14

Question 15

Kw

Answer 15

Auto ionization of water
H20 + H2O -> H3O + OH

Kw= H3O x OH-= 1.0 x10^-14

Question 16

Ph scale and calculations

Answer 16

pH=-log (H3O)
H+= 10 ^-pH
pOH= -log(OH)
OH= 10^-pOH
pH + pOH= 14
H+ x OH- = 1x10-14

Increase of 1 ph = 10 x increase of h+

Ph and pOH = 7 is neutral
pH<7 acidic pOH>7
pH>7 basic pOH<7

Question 17

2 components of the buffer

Answer 17

Weak acid and conjugate base (in the form of a soluble salt)

Resistís dramatic changes in pH

Question 18

Intermolecular forces
London dispersion factor
Dipole dipole
Hydrogen binding

Answer 18

London - all molecules (vanderwalls) induced dipole (larger the stronger)

Dipole dipole - only polar molecules
Permanent dipoles

Hydrogen binding :H bound to O N or f atom and interact with one of the 3

London < dipole < hydro

Question 19

Melting and boiling point trends

Answer 19

The stronger the IMF the higher the melting / boiling point

If it a positive number it is endothermic

If it is negative it would be exothermic

Question 20

Fusion

Answer 20

Melting

Solid to liquid

Question 21

Solidification

Answer 21

Freezing

Liquid to solid

Question 22

Vaporization

Answer 22

Liquid to gas

Question 23

Condensation ☁️

Answer 23

Gas to liquid

Question 24

Sublimation

Answer 24

Solid to gas (dry ice)

Question 25

Deposition

Answer 25

Gas to solid

Question 26

Heat of fusion

Answer 26

Delta Hfus = amount of energy needed to change from a liquid to a solid Appeintly there is a direct correlation between enthalpy of fusion and the streagth of the imfs

Question 27

Heat of vaporization

Answer 27

Delta H Vap amount of energy needed. For a liquid to become a gas Increase with increase IMF for both

Question 28

Hearing and cooling curve

Answer 28

Draw out know Trends as energy increases heat also increases if it is not in a transition state if at a transition state energy is being used to transition meaning heat will platou

Question 29

Exothermic vs endothermic

Answer 29

Right to left is endothermic | Left to right is exothermic

Question 30

Acids vs bases characteristics

Answer 30

``` Acids Turn litmus red Give off h2 gas with some metals React with carbonate and bicarb salts to give off co2 Have a sour taste ``` Bases Turn litmus blue Are slippery to the touch Have a bitter flavor

Question 31

Conjugate acid base pare

Answer 31

Differ only by one proton H20 acid OH conjugate base Water is amphiprotic meaning it can be an acid or a base

Question 32

Delta h sub

Answer 32

Enthalpy of sublimation Is the energy needed to take a solid to a gas and is equal to delta h fus + delta h vap