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1
Q

Temporal arteeiris

  • what vessels are involved (+ symptoms)
  • diagnostic ( beware of something)
  • treatment
A
  • temporal artery (headache), opthalmic artery (vision problems), jaw claudication plus poly myalgia rheumatica (Fever joint and muscle pain
  • biopsy the vessel (but if negative still can’t tule out because affects only certain parts of the carotid arteries

Tx: steroids

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2
Q

Takayasu
- vessels affected (+ symptoms)
- treatment

A

Aortic branches (brachial, radial, ulnar) visual and neurologic disturbances with low upper extremities pulse

  • Tx: steroids
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3
Q

Pan
- vessels affected (+symptoms )
- spares what organ
-treatment

A

Necrotizing vascultiis affecting mesenteric artery ( abdominal pain), renal (HTN) neurological , skin lesions

  • abdominal pain and peripheral neuropathy

Spares lungs

Steroids and cyclophosphamide according to pathoma

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4
Q

Churg
- symptoms
- treatment

A

Heart, asthma , neuropathy
Steroids and cyclophosphamide

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5
Q

Renal disorder in Wegner

A

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

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6
Q

IGA nephropathy
- pathophysiology
- symptoms
- treatment

A

Viral URI caused IGA to be deposited in blood vessel and kidney
- gib, IGA nephropathy, swollen scrotum, abdominal pain , purpura on legs and/ or burr
-Tx: self limited

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7
Q

Aortic dissection
- cause
- presentation
- MCCOD
-diagnostic
- treatment
- common complication

A
  • HYPERTENSION weakened the t. Media
  • severe sudden onset chest pain, widen mediastinum and left pleural effusion
  • MCCOD : pericardial tamponade
  • Dx: stable do ct angiogram with contrast and if unstable do TEE
  • Tx: Type a (BB and surgery ; it can involve asc and desc) type B (BB)
  • complication - hoarseness bc left recurrent laryngeal nerve is right by the aortic arch
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8
Q

Thoracic aneurysm
- pathophysiology (MCC)
- most common complication

A

Tertiary syphilis weakened the t media
Aortic dilation

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9
Q

Aaa
- cause
- presentation.

A

Atherosclerois ( thickens the intima therefore blood can’t flow into the vessel causing weakness
- hypotension ? Pulsátiles mass bc blood flowing through , flank pain

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10
Q

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- how does it present
- positive for

A

Cervical lymph node involvement
Keratin

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11
Q

Tb spreads where (+ most common)

A

Meninges causing meningitis, vertebrae (Potts disease, cervical lump nodes and Mc Is kidney causing sterile pyuria

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12
Q

Homozygote A1AT complications

A

Emphysema with liver cirrhosis

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13
Q

Sarcoidosis symptoms

A

Uveitis, sjorgren features, erythema nososun

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14
Q

Lung cancer
- complication
- likes to metastasize where

A

Recurrent latrngeal nerve (hoarseness) and phrenic (diaphragm paralysis

Adrenals

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15
Q

Common complication of mesothelioma

A

Recurrent pleural effusions

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16
Q

FAS associated with what CHD

A

Vsd

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17
Q

Fixed split S2

A

ASD

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18
Q

Maternal diabetes associated with what CHD

A

Transposition of great vessels

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19
Q

Acute rheumatic fever

  • MCCOD
  • which valve is most commonly involved
  • treatment
A

Myocarditis
MITRAL (MR)
Tx: nsaid and penicillin such as macrolide

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20
Q

Chronic rheumatic disease
- complication
- affects what valve

A

Infectious endocarditis
MS always and maybe AS

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21
Q

Systolic ejection click followed by crescendo descreído murmur
(+complication

A

AS

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia bc of the calcifications crushing the RBC

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22
Q

Early blowing diastolic murmur

A

AR

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23
Q

Bounding pulse, pulsating nail bed and head bobbing

A

AR

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24
Q

Midsystolic click followed by regurgitation

A

MVP

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25
Q

Opening snap followed by diastolic rumble

A

MS

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26
Q

Holosystolic blowing murmur

A

MR

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27
Q

Behcet presentation

A

Genital ulcers, apthous ulcer, uveitis after viral infection

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28
Q

Complication of mumps

A

Sterility if happens on teens

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29
Q

Complication of esophageal web

A

Esophageal squamous cell cancer

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30
Q

MCCOD in cirrhosis

A

Rupture esophageal varices

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31
Q

Complication of achalasia

A

Increased risk of esophageal squamous cancer

32
Q

GERD

  • unique symptoms
  • name interesting risk factor
A

Adult onset asthma
Hiatal hernia

33
Q

Types of esophageal cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma ( Barrett’s vs squamous cell ( esophageal web, achalasia , hot drinks

34
Q

When does pyloric stenosis present

A

2 weeks old bc that’s how long it takes for stenosis to occur

35
Q

Causes of acute vs chronic gastritis

A

Acute - burns / increased intracranial pressure cause ulcers, shock bc Dec blood flow , nsaids

Chronic - autoimmune gastritis (antibody attacks parietal cells in type 4 hypersensitivity so low acid so increase gastrin, pernicious anemia , intestinal metaplasia due to the increased gastrin, increased risk of intestinal gastric adenocarcinoma

Chronic - h pylori induced —ulceration, possible maltoma, gastric adenocarcinoma (intestinal but triple therapy would reduce these symptoms

36
Q

Peptic ulcer
- types (+ causes

A

Duodenal vs gastric
- duodenal better with eating; h. Pylori and zollinger
- gastric - h pyloric or NSAIDs ; can lead to gastric adenocarcinoma (intestinal

37
Q

Gastric carcinoma (+ types

A

Intestinal - large irregular ulcer due to intestinal metaplasia ( chronic gastritis), gastric ulcer

Diffuse - signet rings, can present with trelat (increased seborrheic keratosis) and Acanthosis nigiri and

38
Q

Complication of meckles

A

Intussusception, volvulus, mimics appendicitis when there’s obstruction but most cases are asymptomatic

39
Q

Volvulus most affected areas

A

Sigmoid in elderly and Cecum in young adults

40
Q

Pathophysiology of small bowel infarction

A

Thrombosis for whatever reason (afib, vasculitis such as PAN ,antiphospholipid syndrome anti cardiolipin, polycytemia Vera ) of SMA or mesenteric vein

41
Q

Celiac
- affects where
- HLA
- complications

A

Duodenal
Hal dq2 and dq8
Small bowel carcinoma and enteripathy associated T cell lymphoma

42
Q

Other one similar to whipples
- pathophysiology
- affects where
- complication

A

Infectious diarrhea triggers it
Jejunum and ileum therefore b12 and b9 deficiency

43
Q

Presentation of whipple disease

A

Synovial fluid of joints (Arthritis) , cardiac valves , lymph nodes and cns

44
Q

Common complication of appendix

A

PeriAppendiceal abscess

45
Q

Hirschsprung affects what organ

A

Sigmoid Colon and rectum

46
Q

Uc and chrons complications. And associations

A

Uc- ulcer heals with pseudopolyp; toxic megacolon; increased risk of Colon cancer; associated with PSC panca

Chrons - heals with fibrosis so cobble stones, pulls fat up so fat stranding
Associated with ankyloisng spondylitis , uveitis, erythema nodosum, sacroilitis

47
Q

Diverticulosis vs angiosysplasia
- complication of diverticulosis

A

Wall stress causes rectal bleeding but affects different sides (a on right colp. and d affects sigmoid colon

Diverticulitis , colovesical fistula with air of stool urine

48
Q

Ischemic colitis
- pathophysiology
-presentation

A

Atherosclerois of sma so affects splenic flexure, pain with eating

49
Q

Improve with defecation and fiber

A

IBS

50
Q

Peutz jegher
- pathophysiology
- complications

A

Benign polyps (hamartoma ) in GI and hyperpigmentation of lips

Cancers : breast, gyn and crc

51
Q

Crc
- differentiate lynch vs adenoma sequence (fap

A

Lynch occurs sporadically without polyps - occurs on the right side; IDA and occult bleed.

Adenoma sequence occurs on the left side with left lower quadrant pain and obvious blood streaked stool

52
Q

Pancreatitis
- complications
- poor prognosis

A

Pancreatic pseudo cyst or abscess both present with persistently elevated amylase - abscess- fever abdominal pain and cyst has abdominal mass

Hypo calcemia

53
Q

Chronic pancreatitis
- causes
- complications

A

Alcohol and cf (kids)

Dm , pancreatic cancer , pancreatic insufficiency so malabsorption and steatorrhea, dystrophic calcifications

54
Q

Pancreatic cancer
- complications (based on if head or body involvement)
- tumor marker

A

Pancreatitis, palpable gallbladder , (obstructive jaundice with dark urine and pale stool if head), Dm if tail, troaseau sign(migratory thrombophlebitis- red tender swollen extremities .

Ca19-9

55
Q

Biliary atresia presentation

A

Jaundice bc inc conjugated bili

Can progress to cirrhosis

56
Q

Acute cholecystitis
-presentation
- lab: increae of what

A

RUQ pain radiating to right scapula
Increas alkaline phosphates

57
Q

Chronic cholecystitis

-pathophysiology
- complications

A

Long standing gallstones causes chemical irritation leading to calificativo of gallbladder (porcelain gallbladder

Complication; cancer

58
Q

Ascending cholangitis
- pathophysiology

A

Choledocholithiasis

59
Q

Gallbladder carcinoma
- risk factor
- presentation

A

Gall stones with porcelain gallbladder
- new onset cholecystitis in someone 40-50

60
Q

HBsAg positive, HBeAg positive , HBcAb IgM positive

A

Acute

61
Q

Only HBSAg IGG positive

A

Vaccinated

62
Q

Only HBcAB IgM positive

A

Window period

63
Q

HBsAg positive, HBeAg positive or maybe negative , HBcAb IGg positive , HBsAb negative

A

Chronic

64
Q

HBcAb IgG positive and HBsAB IgG positive.

A

Resolved

65
Q

Alcoholic relative liver disease vs NAfatty liver disease

A

Both can present worth fatty change , or hepatitis or cirrhosis but alcoholic fatty liver has AST>ALT BC AS is in mitochondria. ALT> ALT in NAFLD

66
Q

Hemochromatosis
- lab
- liver biopsy results
- complication
- treatment according to pathoma

A

Just like acd
Brown pigment in liver (Prussian blue positive
HCC
Phlebotomy

67
Q

Wilson

-presentation
- labs
- complications
- treatment

A

Child has cirrhosis. Párkinson and Huntington symptoms, neurologic behavioral changes

Inc urinary copper inc copper on liver biopsy , decrease serum ceruloplasmin

Complication: HCC

Tx: s penicillamine

68
Q

HCC
- risk factors
- tumor marker
- complication

A

Cirrhosis (Wilson , hemochromatosis , Nash A1AT deficiency ) chronic hepatitis ,
Complication. Budd chiari

Alphafetoprotein

69
Q

Holosystolic murmur at Llsb with Apical diastolic rumble

A

VSD

70
Q

Vasalva

A

Decreases preload

71
Q

Abrupt standing

A

Decreases preload

72
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Decreased preload

73
Q

Sustained handgrip

A

Increases afterload

74
Q

Squatting

A

Increases preload and afterload

75
Q

Positive leg raise

A

Increases preload

76
Q

Gallstone ileus
- pathophysiology
- complications

A

Due to cholecystitis and can lead to SBO

S (30 decks)

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