. Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is the quantum mechanical description of the atom?
Quantum mechanics refers to the study of motion of minute entities, such as electrons, in relation to waves and the specific amount of energy they can hold.
What did classical mechanics fail to explain about atoms?
Classical mechanics failed to explain how atoms attain their stability and how forces hold atoms together to form compounds.
What is the significance of quantum mechanics in atomic theory?
Quantum mechanics was introduced to explain the behavior of atoms and molecules, which classical mechanics could not.
What are the contributions of Bohr, Heisenberg, and Schrödinger?
They contributed to the development of the quantum mechanical model of an atom.
What are the limitations of Bohr’s planetary model?
- Did not establish a definite trend in chemical properties relative to atomic number. 2. Failed to explain unique properties of different groups of elements. 3. Did not explain the presence of bonds among atoms. 4. Did not explain why electrons do not collapse toward the nucleus.
What concept did Louis de Broglie propose?
Louis de Broglie proposed the dual nature of matter, where electrons exhibit both particle and wave properties.
What is a main energy level?
The principal or main energy level (n) is the region in space occupied by a single electron, denoted by integers starting from 1.
How does the distance from the nucleus affect electron energy?
The amount of kinetic energy of a moving electron is directly proportional to its distance from the nucleus.
What are sublevels in atomic structure?
Sublevels are divisions of an energy level, corresponding to different shapes where electrons can be found.
How many sublevels are in the first main energy level?
For the first main energy level (n = 1), there is only one sublevel, which is s.
What is electron configuration?
Electron configuration refers to the logical numerical representation of the predicted location of an electron in an atom.
What is Aufbau’s Principle?
Electrons must occupy the orbitals with the lowest energy first.
What is Hund’s Rule of Maximum Duplicity?
Each degenerate orbital must be filled with a single electron before pairing up.
What is Pauli’s Exclusion Principle?
Only two electrons can occupy a given orbital, and they must have opposite spins.
What are quantum numbers?
Quantum numbers are used to describe the energy levels available to atoms and molecules.
What does the principal quantum number (n) represent?
The principal quantum number corresponds to the main energy level in which electrons are probably located.
What does the azimuthal quantum number (l) indicate?
The azimuthal quantum number corresponds to the sublevel where the electrons belong and specifies the shape of the orbital.
What is the magnetic quantum number (ml)?
The magnetic quantum number identifies the specific orbital within the sublevel where the electron can probably be found.
What is the spin quantum number (s or ms)?
The spin quantum number describes the electron’s rotation on its axis.
What is periodicity in the context of the periodic table?
Periodicity refers to the fundamental aspect of a periodic table, showing a pattern of recurring trends.
Who is Dmitry Mendeleev?
Dmitry Mendeleev was a Russian chemist who published the first version of a systematically organized periodic table of elements.
What are periodic properties?
Periodic properties refer to properties that can be predicted based on the element’s position in the periodic table.
What is a group in the periodic table?
A vertical column of elements in the periodic table is called a group or family.
What is a period in the periodic table?
A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table is called a period or series.
