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Question 1

What is DNA composed of?

Answer 1

DNA is a polymer of nucleotides

Nucleotides consist of a sugar-phosphate backbone and a nitrogenous base.

Question 2

What are the components of nucleotides?

Answer 2

• A sugar-phosphate backbone
• A nitrogenous base (A, T, G, C)

Question 3

Which nitrogenous bases pair together in DNA?

Answer 3

• Adenine (A) with Thymine (T)
• Guanine (G) with Cytosine (C)

Question 4

How is DNA organized in the cell?

Answer 4

The DNA double helix is wound around proteins called histones

This structure forms a supercoiled configuration that condenses into chromosomes.

Question 5

What is the significance of the order of base pairs in DNA?

Answer 5

The order of base pairs makes up the genetic codes of organisms.

Question 6

What are genes responsible for?

Answer 6

Genes are the basis for inheritance of traits.

Question 7

What is genetic continuity?

Answer 7

Everyone began as a single cell: zygote.

Question 8

What is a karyotype?

Answer 8

A person’s particular set of chromosomes.

Question 9

During which phase are chromosomes collected for karyotyping?

Answer 9

Chromosomes are collected during metaphase.

Question 10

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 10

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 in total).

Question 11

How many pairs of autosomal chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 11

Humans have 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes.

Question 12

How many pairs of sex chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 12

Humans have 1 pair of sex chromosomes.

Question 13

What is the sex chromosome configuration for females?

Answer 13

XX.

Question 14

What is the sex chromosome configuration for males?

Answer 14

XY.

Question 15

Fill in the blank: DNA is organized around proteins called _______.

Answer 15

histones.

Question 16

True or False: Guanine pairs with Thymine in DNA.

Answer 16

False.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: The genetic code of organisms is determined by the order of _______ in DNA.

Answer 17

base pairs.