. Flashcards
(13 cards)
What is asexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction is when a new individual is produced from a single parent by cell division.
In asexual reproduction, parents and offspring are identical.
What are the advantages of asexual reproduction?
Advantages include:
* No specialized anatomy
* Don’t seek a mate
What is binary fission?
Binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction seen in organisms like bacteria.
What is budding in asexual reproduction?
Budding is when a new individual develops from an outgrowth on the body of the parent.
Example: Hydra grows one or more extensions that detach when large enough.
What is fragmentation?
Fragmentation is the process in which a body fragment develops into a new individual.
Example: Fungi developing through spores that grow into mushrooms.
What are the main stages of the cell cycle?
The main stages are:
* Interphase
* Mitosis (PMAT)
* Cell division (cytokinesis)
What occurs during interphase?
During interphase, the cell grows, the nucleus copies DNA, and organelles replicate.
What happens during prophase?
In prophase, DNA condenses, centrioles move to opposite sides, spindle fibers form, and the nuclear membrane begins to break down.
What occurs during metaphase?
In metaphase, spindle fibers attach to chromosomes, which align along the equatorial plate.
What happens during anaphase?
In anaphase, spindle fibers shorten, pulling chromatids to opposite sides of the cell.
What is the outcome of telophase?
In telophase, chromosomes relax, the nuclear membrane reappears, and spindle fibers disappear.
What occurs during cytokinesis?
Cytokinesis involves the division of the cytoplasm, forming cleavage furrows in animals or cell plates in plants.
What was significant about Dolly the sheep?
Dolly was the first animal to be cloned from adult body cells, created by fusing an adult body cell with an unfertilized egg cell.
It took 277 attempts for Dolly to be born, and the aging process is sped up for clones.
