0-1.1

Question 1

what is inorganic phosphate?

Answer 1

PO4^3- … there are three oxygens with a negative.

known as Pi because it is in its inorganic form

Question 2

what is the protonated form of inorganic phosphate?

Answer 2

Hydrogen phosphate (HPO4)^2- … only two of the oxygens have a negative sign

Question 3

Which of the two will the textbooks show as a reactant for Pi? Inorganic phosphate or Hydrogen phosphate?

Answer 3

Hydrogen phosphate .

(HPO4)2- <=> PO4^3- + H+

PK=12

Question 4

what is the phosphoryl group?

Answer 4

its the phosphorus with three oxygens attached to a R group… keep in mind that phosphorus can form five bonds so one of the oxygens that are attached always has a double bond

Question 5

what is the phosphate group?

Answer 5

it is the phosphorus with four oxygens attached to an R group. There are only two oxygens with neg signs

Question 6

what is an acyl group?

Answer 6

R-C=O

Question 7

what is an ester group?

Answer 7

it is an acyl group bonded to an oxygen and an R group. There should be two oxygens in total.

Question 8

what is a thioester?

Answer 8

it is an acyl group attached to a sulfur group and an oxygen with a neg sign

Question 9

what is a phosphoester?

Answer 9

it is a phosphorus attached to two oxygens (one with a double bond and one with a single bond)

Question 10

what is a phosphodiester?

Answer 10

it is a phosphorus with a double bond attached to two other oxygens through single bonds….

think of di.. meaning two
a phosphor group already has an oxygen attached

an ester means that there is an extra O. The di means that there is another extra O

Question 11

what is an anhydride?

Answer 11

it has three oxygens attached to two carbons. One of the oxygens are in the middle of the carbons and then the others are attached to each side.

this is all between two R groups

Question 12

what is a phosphoanhydride?

Answer 12

it is a phosphorus with three oxygens. There is an oxygen in between the phosphorus and then there are two oxygen on each side by double bonds

Question 13

N glucosidic bond

Answer 13

this a type of bond that covalently attaches two ring structures. The nitrogen of one structure will connect to a hydrogen of another structure.

Question 14

kilo

Answer 14

10^3 thousand

Question 15

mega

Answer 15

10^6 million

Question 16

giga

Answer 16

10^9 billion

Question 17

tera

Answer 17

10^12 trillion

Question 18

peta

Answer 18

10^15 quadrillion

Question 19

exa

Answer 19

10^18 quintillion

Question 20

milli

Answer 20

10^-3 thousandth

Question 21

micro

Answer 21

10^-6 millionth

Question 22

nano

Answer 22

10^-9 billionth

Question 23

pico

Answer 23

10^-12 trillionth

Question 24

femto

Answer 24

10^-15 quadrillionth

Question 25

Atto

Answer 25

10^-18 quintrillionth

Question 26

Angstrom

Answer 26

10^-10

Question 27

how many angstrom are in nm and pm?

Answer 27

moving to the left with bigger # like 10^-9 moving to the right with numbers smaller like 10^-12 think of milli and kilo ans: .1 nm and 100 pm

Question 28

name three monomers

Answer 28

amino acids, carbohydrates (monosaccharides), nucleotides

Question 29

name three polymers

Answer 29

proteins, polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates) nucleic acid,

Question 30

adapt vs adopt

Answer 30

adapt is to change or adjust to the environment in a positive way adopt is to take on/up

Question 31

monosaccharides (define)

Answer 31

they are simple sugars with a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group. They have a chiral carbon they have the (CH2O)n group but n has to be >3

Question 32

monosaccharides are also known as ?

Answer 32

carbonyl polyprols | polyhdroxy carbonyls

Question 33

monosaccharides are also classified as aldoses and ketoses

Answer 33

from ketones and aldehydes

Question 34

monosaccharides are derived from

Answer 34

CO2 AND H2O

Question 35

enantiomers

Answer 35

optical isomers and are non-superimposable mirror images of each other ex: hands

Question 36

optical isomers

Answer 36

deals with two mirror images that have a different components like the levoratory and dextroroatory that rotate the plane of polarized light in opp dire but equal amounts

Question 37

non polarized light

Answer 37

the electrical field goes in all directions ex: sunlight and light bulb

Question 38

polarimeter

Answer 38

determines the direction and angle of polarized light

Question 39

monosaccharides D/L configurations

Answer 39

for L, most of the OH groups will be on the left side | for D, most of the OH groups will be on the right side

Question 40

fischer projections vertical vs horizontal lines

Answer 40

horizontal lines= comes out of type projection vertical lines= goes inside the projection

Question 41

there are a total of how many stereoisomers?

Answer 41

16

Question 42

aldose vs ketose

Answer 42

aldose has only the sixth carbon as ch2oh but ketose has the first and sixth carbon -ketose also has the ulose ending compared to aldose ose ending

Question 43

furanose

Answer 43

five carbon cyclic member ring | ex - fructose

Question 44

pyranose

Answer 44

six carbon cyclic member ring | ex- glucose

Question 45

alpha anomer vs beta anomer

Answer 45

- the alpha will have the oh and the ch2oh on the opposite sides because the alpha wants to be the boss. - the beta anomer will have the oh and the ch2oh on the same side - beta anomers are 60% whereas the alpha anomers are 40%

Question 46

name two types of diastereomers?

Answer 46

anomers and epimers