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Biochemistry 401 > 1.3 > Flashcards

1.3 Flashcards

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1
Q

which of the following (anomers or epimers) are in equilibrium?

A

anomers and can be interconverted

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2
Q

acid (HA)

A
  • all acids exist in equilibrium with their dissociate ion (A-)
  • can donate a proton (H+)
  • formula: HA <=> H+ + A-
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3
Q

Base

A

can pick up a proton and can become protonated

  • known as B
    formula: B + H+ <=> BH
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4
Q

what is the Henderson Hasselbach equation?

A

relationship between the ionization of a weak acid and the pH of the solution

  • the ratio helps determine each component
  • Does not take into account of ionization but only buffers
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5
Q

tera prefix

A

10^12

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6
Q

what is the concentration of h20 in pure water under standard state conditions?

A

56 mol/liter

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7
Q

name the three standard state conditions?

A

25 degree Celsius , pH of seven, 1 atm

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8
Q

what is the variable for avogrado’s number?

A

6.022 x 10 ^23 which is NA

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9
Q

units for mass concentration?

A

g/L

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10
Q

units for number concentration

A

1/liters

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11
Q

The H+ proton can largely exist as what molecule?

A

H3O .

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12
Q

proton jumping?

A

it is when the H+ jumps from one water molecule to another

-occurs in water very fast

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13
Q

in hydronium water

A

the water is ionized and has a pka of 14

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14
Q

relationship of H+ and pH

A

in acidic conditions, there are more pH

in basic conditions, there are less pH

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15
Q

pH formula

A

pH= -log (H+)
pH= pka + log [A-/HA]

ex: pH of h2o = -log(10^-7) = 7

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16
Q

what is the pH of blood?

A

7.4

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17
Q

what s the pH of vinegar?

A

3

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18
Q

what is the pH of milk?

A

7

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19
Q

what is the pH of gastric juice?

A

1.5

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20
Q

the equilibrium dissociation constant formula?

A

Ka = [H+ A-] / HA

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21
Q

pKa formula

A
  • lower the pka the more the acid will be let go

pka = -log(ka)

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22
Q

H3PO4 ka and pka

A 
ka= 7.08 x 10^-3
pka = 2.15
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23
Q

H2PO4- ka and pka

A

ka = 1.51 x 10^-7

pka = 6.82

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24
Q

buffers

A

weak acids and weak bases that resist changes in the pH

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25
give an ex of blood buffer
carbonic acid H2CO3 <=> HCO3 + H+ <=> CO2 + H2O
26
at what numeric value will the buffer work?
the same numeric value of pka b/c it needs to be in equal amounts in order to neutralize the PH OH- + HA = HOH +A- PH = +/- 1 ONLY for it to work best
27
acetic acid ka and pka
ka= 1.74 x 10^-5 and pka = 4.76
28
h2co3 ka and pka
ka = 4.47 x 10^-7 and pka = 6.35
29
nh4+
ka= 5.62 x 10^-10 and pka = 9.25
30
HPO4 2- Ka and Pka
ka = 4.17 x
31
water ka and pka
ka = 1.00 x 10^-14 pka = 14
32
do lipids polymerize
no
33
define lipids
hydrophobic molec with polar and nonpolar
34
name the five classes of lipids
``` fatty acids tryglycerides phospholipids sphingolipids steroidolipids ```
35
define fatty acids
they are carboxylic with amphatic long tails - the # of c are btwn 10-30 - under physiological conditions, it is carboxylate
36
what does 18:2 mean?
there re 18 carbons and 2 double bonds
37
define saturated and unsaturated
saturated have single bonds and cannot add any more carbons and hydrogens unsaturated means that there are double bonds with kinks
38
saturated vs unsaturated
saturated has higher mp and more flexible because it can rotate freely around single bonds. DOUBLE BONDS CANNOT DO THIS
39
what increases the mp?
``` saturation number (m) more saturated carbons less double bonds ```
40
describe the structure of glycerol?
it has three carbons and an OH and H2 bonded t each carbon
41
triglycerides process from glycerol
they go through esterification in which the OH disappears and the a carbonyl, extra oxygen, and an R group appears
42
what are triglycerides?
oils and fats that are hydrophobic stored in adipose tissue
43
are trans fats good or bad?
they are bad B/C they are PROCESSED but they prolong and taste better so better profit but BAD HEALTH
44
Lipolysis/ lipogenesis
breaking down triglycerides to release fatty acids
45
which one carries more energy, sugar or fats?
fats b/c it has more electrons
46
describe the making of the phospholipids
glycerol is phosphorylated which means that the third oh will turn into phosphorus with an Oh and three oxygens attached because it can have five bonds (THE OH DOES NOT DISAPPEAR IN THIS ONE). This is called the head polar portion because the rest of the phospholipids is hydrophobic THEN will have an esterification process on the first carbon where it adds an R group and carbonyl and oxygen.
47
ampipathic vs amphiphillic
both have polar and nonpolar regions but amphipathic are for harboring lipids but amphiphilic are attraction for proteins
48
are all lipids amphiphilic?
no only phospholipids which can be polar or charged.
49
what does zwitterionic mean?
neutral
50
sphingolipids
1rst carbon: has OH and goes through etherification which means X replaces the H of the OH 2nd carbon: amino group (H3N) goes through acetylation and adds a carbonyl with an r group 3rd carbon: fatty acid tail
51
sphingolipids are deriv of ?
ceramides
52
what are the subclasses of sphingolipids?
carbons1. x= phosphor (choline/ethanolamine) = spingomyelins (neuronal lipids) 2. x = monosaccharides = cerebrosides (neuronal) 3. oligosaccharide = globosides = in erythrocytes 4. x = sialilated oligosaccharide = ganglioside= most complex with a NINE CARBON SUGAR
53
lipid raft
lipids move together in a raft
54
steroidolipids
made up of sterane ex: cholesterol
55
what is sterane made up of
has 3 cyclohexanes rings (perhydrophanthrene) fused with cyclopentane ring total of 17
56
cholesterol is
3rd lipid in membrane very rigid with good shape and fluidity precursor for biosynthesis of steroid hormones
57
are steroids hydrophilic or hydrophobic or lipophilic
hydrophobic and lipophillic
58
glucocorticides
ex= cortisol focuses on stress and hypoglycemia controls metabolism and inflammation
59
mineralcorticoids
ex: alsosterone deals with hypotension and acidosis controls osmoregulation
60
androgen, estrogen, and progesterone are focused on:
exercise and being stress free

Biochemistry 401 (11 decks)

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