0-12 Months: Motor Development Flashcards

Question

what does baby need to not have head lag

Answer 1

need bilateral symmetrical capital and neck flexors to bring head in midline, antigravity flexors to not have head lag

Answer 2

1. inability to assume and maintain head in midline: asymmetrical head position causes the infant to WB more on one side 2. inability to WB on forearms: baby will not be able to develop ANTIGRAVITY EXTENSION (if strong ATNR, you cannot break?)

Answer 3

1. head in midline 2. tuck chin: chin tuck needed for cervical spine stability --need stability for oral motor control-DROOLING 3. bring hands together : hand to trunk and mouth occur because of trunk stability - -in sitting head goes down to hands because of trunk instability 4. legs more in line with lower body: increased extension, increased aDduction and less ER. Less frog leg positioning in supine and prone ***low tone babies may maintain frog leg position longer

Answer 4

4 months need neck balanced flexion and extension for a chin tuck chin tuck needed for cervical spine stability need stability for oral motor control-DROOLING

Answer 5

serratus anterior for prone on elbows need elongate scapulohumeral muscles need neck balanced flexors and extensors for a chin tuck

Answer 6

cervical stability

Answer 7

congestion and mouth breather because cannot breath through nose ie cleft palate hypotonia in mouth and open mouth posture

Answer 8

should see less frog leg at 4 months 1. interfere with ABDOMINAL CONTROL and UPRIGHT CONTROL: lumbar spine extended, hip flexors tight, pelvis tilted anteriorly 2. lack of LATERAL weight shifting: blocks transitions 3. interfere with AMBULATION: bc poor LE dissociation 4. cannot initiate isolated antigravity knee flexion 5. prevent POSTERIOR PELVIC TILT: lack of hip flexion with adduction 6. inefficient pelvis stabilization: bc hip abductors remain shortened **Carrying position to recommend: ADDUCTION

Answer 9

3 months old UE/LE characterized by bilateral abduction and ER: LEs appear frog leg **BRING HANDS TO THEIR BODY: important in establishing body awareness Prop on forearms: elbows in line or in front of shoulders **may persist later in low tone baby

Answer 10

helps mobilize the pelvis for tilting low tone baby doesnt do it

Answer 11

1. eyes move independent of head, eye tracking 2. head in midline, tuck chin (cervical stability) 3. neck: neck muscles developed enough to allow the infant to sit with support and KEEP HEAD UP 4. hands: bring hands together: hands to midline + hand to hand exploration * **grasp: ulnar grasp * *bilateral reaching pattern (one arm usually dominant in the reaching) 5. more anterior and posterior pelvic motions: alternating symmetrical bilateral mass LE flexion and extension kicking affects pelvis. Extend LE: pelvis anterior tilts saggital pelvic mobility

Answer 12

trunk stability in sitting head goes down at 4 months because of trunk instability

Answer 13

pelvis anterior tilts

Answer 14

Ulna side of hand to grasp toy--pick up object by using the palm and outside border of the hand once grabbed the other hand can hold the object CANNOT TRANSFER TOY FROM HAND TO HAND * thumb NOT involved in grasp--->therefore baby drops object * wrist will be flexed: long finger flexors cross the wrist and they are tight

Answer 15

4 MONTHS GRASPS THE OBJECT WITH THE RING FINGER AND THE LITTLE FINGER AGAINST THE PALM Ulna side of hand to grasp toy--pick up object by using the palm and outside border of the hand once grabbed the other hand can hold the object CANNOT TRANSFER TOY FROM HAND TO HAND * thumb NOT involved in grasp--->therefore baby drops object * wrist will be flexed: long finger flexors cross the wrist and they are tight

Answer 16

BILATERAL reaching pattern, uses bilateral reaching patterns except one arm usually does the reaching: dominant

Answer 17

**can roll to side-lying via symmetrical flexion (or the primitive method via extension) 1. head in midline 2. tuck chin: chin tuck needed for cervical spine stability --need stability for oral motor control-DROOLING 3. bring hands together : hand to trunk and mouth occur because of trunk stability - -in sitting head goes down to hands because of trunk instability 4. legs more in line with lower body: increased extension, increased aDduction and less ER. Less frog leg positioning in supine and prone ***low tone babies may maintain frog leg position longer

Answer 18

encourage parents to place infant to side lie for play!! 1. New visual and vestibular orientation 2. contributes to ribcage shaping--rib cage shaping affected by gravity and oblique muscle pull 3. facilitates antigravity lateral head righting --lateral flexion demands balance flexors and extensors ***TORTICOLLIS: put baby into sidelie to work their lateral head flexion

Answer 19

Lifts head to 90 degrees in midline --prone on elbows 1-forearm weightbearing 2-pelvis stabilized 3-UEs out of neonate position -scapulothoracic elongation (elbows under shoulders) 4-chin tuck 5-WS occurs (the direction of the WS supinates the forearm, this lays the foundation for active supination. without supination will not develop grasp. WS is also a prerequisite for reaching) **no forward reaching--shoulder girdle control will be insufficient to support unilateral WB - -prone on extended elbows: prepares child for 1. protective reactions 2. reaching 3. quadruped *have baby reach**no forward reaching--shoulder girdle control will be insufficient to support unilateral WB MAY SEE ACCIDENTAL ROLLING FROM PRONE TO SIDELYING: weight shift shoulder collapses arm is tucked under, baby rolls

Answer 20

SUPINE--> SIDELIE 1. roll to sidelie via symmetrical flexion: hips and knees flexed and hands on knees, head rotates (neck righting reaction) trunk rotates to side 2. roll to sidelie vs extension: baby uses marked head and neck extension, more primitive method FLEXION PREFERRED BECAUSE IT STIMULATES LATERAL FLEXION PRONE-->SIDELIE ***MAY SEE ACCIDENTAL ROLLING FROM PRONE TO SIDELYING: weight shift shoulder collapses arm is tucked under, baby rolls

Answer 21

initial phases of Landau (massive extension) Bilateral Scapular ADuction seen prior to reaching for a toy Baby alternates positions: pivot prone and prone on elbows MAY SEE ACCIDENTAL ROLLING FROM PRONE TO SIDELYING: weight shift shoulder collapses arm is tucked under, baby rolls

Answer 22

UPPER EXTREMITY 1. can hold bottle 2. UNILATERAL REACHING: objects presented at infants side unilateral reach across body may cause baby to roll to sidelie 3. RADIAL PALMAR GRASP: thumb and 2nd and third digits: able to hold object firmly in center of hand (not yet able to hold with space between object and palm) LOWER EXTREMITY 1. HAND TO FOOT: pelvic mobility: A/P tilts both hands to one foot foot to open mouth 2. BRIDGING 3. BEGIN TO DISSOCIATE LE MOVEMENT: flex one leg while extending the other

Answer 23

SUPINE-->PRONE flexion initiates transitions via LATERAL FLEXION/ and EXTENSION completes the roll * **turn head and roll to side via symmetrical flexion 1. lateral flexion head and trunk (help further into roll) 2. bottom arm free, it must ABduct to move out from under the body to assume a forearm weight bearing position (need to WS to get arm free) 3. LE dissociate: extend and IR bottom leg *** baby may stop in sidelie and play: use LE for positional stability, we encourage sidelie play (isntruct parent in sidelie lift)--rib cage development, use extremities differently

Answer 24

PRONE ON ELBOWS HEAD: 1. lift head to 90 degrees in midline 2. chin tuck UE 1. forearm weight bearing 2. UEs out of neonate position: scapulohumeral elongation LE: 1. pelvis stabilized significance ****weight shift occurs, the direction of the weight shift: supinate forearm: this lays the foundation for active supination *need supination for grasp *WS is a precursor for reaching no forward reaching, shoulder girdle control insufficient to support unilateral WB

Answer 25

prepares the child for 1. Protected reactions 2. Reaching 3. Quadruped--need extend elbows: if not, do splinting so they can get a feel for what it is like

Answer 26

forward overhead reaching with both hands to grasp a toy benefit: scapulohumeral elongation

Answer 27

**torticolis: one side not laterally flex --stuck and stuff will suffer MUSCLES: must have obliques muscle activity to maintain sidelie without rolling. Must have balanced flexors and extensors 1. oblique abdominals: must stabilize thorax ti allow the head to flex laterally 2. quadratus lumborum: laterally flexes the trunk -------------------------------------------------- Reactions stimulated because flex head laterally: 1. optical head righting reaction: visual feedback is used to orient eyes with the horizon 2. Labyrinthine Righting Reaction: labyrinthine system causes the head to be placed in the proper position against gravity 3. Body Righting Reaction on the Head: asymmetrical tactile stimulation to the body causes the head to right itself

Answer 28

optical head righting reaction: visual feedback is used to orient eyes with the horizon

Answer 29

labyrinthine system causes the head to be placed in the proper position against gravity

Answer 30

asymmetrical tactile stimulation to the body causes the head to right itself

Answer 31

MUSCLES: must have obliques muscle activity to maintain sidelie without rolling. Must have balanced flexors and extensors 1. oblique abdominals: must stabilize thorax ti allow the head to flex laterally 2. quadratus lumborum: laterally flexes the trunk

Answer 32

BENEFITS 1. asymmetrical proprioceptive and tactile input 2. stimulated head righting POSSIBILITY **lateral righting possible if balance between flexor and extensors MUSCLES: must have obliques muscle activity to maintain sidelie without rolling. Must have balanced flexors and extensors 1. oblique abdominals: must stabilize thorax ti allow the head to flex laterally 2. quadratus lumborum: laterally flexes the trunk

Answer 33

roll via extension: push with LE hyperextends head and trunk extension reinforced (slide was missing, something about lacking lateral flexion and LE...)

Answer 34

1. Propped Sitting 2. Ring Sitting 3. Half Ring Sitting --begin to dissociate LE (one leg in one posture and the other in another posture-ie one leg in neutral and other in ER and abbduct) 4. long sit 5. side sit

Answer 35

when leaning forward baby returns to sitting erect: initially baby will use scapular adduction and thoracic extensions (distal fixing: using distal shoulder to control proximal extensors) 1. Head control: can move head without losing balance 2. UE: bilateral UE support: cannot use UE for play 3. Trunk/LE: provides positional stability [hip ABduct, ER] = frog leg in sitting -----EXTENSORS: inactive trunk and hip extensors, rounded trunk -----FLEXORS: trunk flexed because of hip flexors (still need coactivation around the hips, with increasing hip strength and spinal extension baby will sit erect using these muscles for indp sitting)

Answer 36

#1: hands to knees, hands to feet #2: propped sitting

Answer 37

coactivation around the hips with increasing hip strength and spinal extension baby will sit erect using these muscles

Answer 38

red flag for poor control of these muscles: 1-abdominal 2-erector spinae 3-hip abdominal hip extensor tone displace weight posteriorly and the lack of abdominal strength to counteract the pull need hands free to explore the world

Answer 39

accidental before volitional rolling: ---accidental because have asymmetrical WB head tilted to one side, weak shoulder, not get scapulohumeral elongation ACCIDENTAL ROLLING: 0-3 months: LOG ROLLING to side ---three months: prone: head rotates causing weight shifting and then the shoulder girdle collapses and baby rolls to the side VOLITIONAL ROLLING BEGINS 5-6 MONTHS ``` 1. ROLL TO SIDELYING four months: roll to side -roll to sidelie via symmetrical flexion: - roll to sidelie vs extension: - prone-->sidelying ``` 2. first: PRONE-->SUPINE 3. second: SUPINE-->PRONE Supine-->prone: flexion initiates transitions via lateral flexion and then extension completes the roll Supine --> sidelie vis extension **MUST ROLL BOTH SIDES, IF INFANT DOESNT IT IS A RED FLAG spasticity can cause stiffness through the trunk, interfering with coordinated rolling movement

Answer 40

*MUST ROLL BOTH SIDES, IF INFANT DOESNT IT IS A RED FLAG spasticity can cause stiffness through the trunk, interfering with coordinated rolling movement

Answer 41

ACCIDENTAL ROLLING: 0-3 months: LOG ROLLING to side ---three months: prone: head rotates causing weight shifting and then the shoulder girdle collapses and baby rolls to the side

Answer 42

VOLITIONAL ROLLING BEGINS 5-6 MONTHS ``` 1. ROLL TO SIDELYING four months: roll to side -roll to sidelie via symmetrical flexion: - roll to sidelie vs extension: - prone-->sidelying ``` 2. first: PRONE-->SUPINE 3. second: SUPINE-->PRONE Supine-->prone: flexion initiates transitions via lateral flexion and then extension completes the roll Supine --> sidelie vis extension

Answer 43

1. roll to sideliying 2. prone to supine 3. supine to prone * issue today of less tummy time in prone to develop this * if they only roll to one direction note it

Answer 44

UNSUPPORTED RING SITTING ---head rotates: infant falls 1. props arms forwards but not sideways reach in front to play with toy but not to side 2. LE used for positional stability to prevent lateral weight shift * **Bilateral ABduct and ER block weight shifting

Answer 45

when: SIX MONTHS: unsupported ring sitting position: 1. LE used for positional stability to prevent lateral weight shift * **Bilateral ABduct and ER block weight shifting 2. high guard arm positioning: scapula ADduction PROS: 1. stable: --- cannot laterally weight shift free arms for play! CONS: 1. props arms forwards but not sideways reach in front to play with toy but not to side 2. If used exclusively: contributes to tightness in hip flexors, ABductors, ERs, and Hamstrings 3. difficult to transition out of ring sitting ***older infants revert to ring sitting when engaging in a fine motor task

Answer 46

older infants revert to ring sitting when engaging in a fine motor task

Answer 47

4-6 months mature Landau prone is a functional position alternate this with prone on extended arms

Answer 48

uses this to get toys TURNING: pivoting in prone--pivots in a circle: head and trunk in lateral flexion: 1. skull side arm pushes 2. face side arm to reach FORWARD AND BACK: bilateral symmetrical pushing causes the baby to slide forward and back *weight shift for reaching (difficulty may be due to: weakness, inability to weight shift, tonal disturbances)

Answer 49

1. asymmetrical: infant rotates to only one side 2. fails to use other forms of locomotion by 9 MONTHS---should be doing quadruped 3. difficulty may be due to: - -- weakness - -- inability to weight shift - -- tonal disturbances (incr/decr) Need WS, Elongate and Shorten sides need lateral flex one side and elongate the other sides ***torticolis: ***brachial plexus injury

Answer 50

difficulty may be due to: - -- weakness - -- inability to weight shift - -- tonal disturbances (incr/decr)

Answer 51

1. FULL WEIGHT BEAR at 6 months (bear partial weight at 5 months) --wont drop to the floor 2. Hips and knees FLEXED 3. feet PRONATED--fat pad at longitudinal arch and not develop ankle yet 4. may bounce

Answer 52

1. finger feeds 2. palmar grasp 3. transfer toys hand to hand 4. shakes and bangs toys

Answer 53

7-9 months!!! 1. low tone 2. poor trunk extension 3. tight hip extensors causes child to fall backwards 4. instability of pelvic/femoral: weak hip extensors: baby must lean forward and prop

Answer 54

1. Roll: supine --> prone 2. lifts head more : antigravity flexor control: must have obliques muscle activity to lower and stabilize rib so that the head can move 3. strong lateral flexion will prefer PRONE because it is more functional if prefers supine then further observation is needed

Answer 55

will prefer prone because it is more functional if prefers supine then further observation is needed

Answer 56

prone is functional and allows mobility transitions prone --> quadruped heavy babies stay on their bellies longer and do not assume quadruped as soon (not enough strength to push up) low tone babies frequently have difficulty assuming quadruped (lack stability)

Answer 57

heavy babies stay on their bellies longer and do not assume quadruped as soon (not enough strength to push up) low tone babies frequently have difficulty assuming quadruped (lack stability)

Answer 58

1. co-contraction of hip musculature for stability around hip joints 2. LE positioning to accept weight: KNEES ARE UNDER HIP. [low tone child knees are not under hip. discourage carrying over mothers hip, consider hip helpers to avoid abduction] 3. Flat back because lumbar spine is stabilized: balanced musculature

Answer 59

LE positioning to accept weight: KNEES ARE UNDER HIP. *work to extend hip to get the knees behind the hip, need stable core to do that, if they do not do it is a compensation for a weak core low tone child knees are not under hip ---discourage carrying over mothers hip ---consider hip helpers to avoid abduction

Answer 60

1. baby's size 2. Poor UE weight bearing 3. Poor UE weight shifting 4. poor LE dissociation 5. excessive hip mobility, poor pelvic control 6. poor trunk control first assume quadruped anterior pelvic tilt: DF ankles as abdominals and hip extensors increase control they modify the pelvic position

Answer 61

first assume quadruped anterior pelvic tilt: DF ankles as abdominals and hip extensors increase control they modify the pelvic position

Answer 62

Knee not under hip hip ABduct and ER: LE in poor WB position: knee not under the hip overactive hip flexion lumbar lordosis: - --indicates weak abdominal, or inactive abdominal - --overactive hip flexors: to stabilize the hip anteriorly tilting the pelvis causing a lordosis

Answer 63

prevent hip abduction, splaying of the hips support shorts to limit excess hip abduction in babies and toddlers with low muscle tone to improve rotational movements ---low tone seen in Downs syndrome, hypotonia [excess mobility will interfere with assuming quadruped position] LIMITS "W" SIT

Answer 64

rocking forwards and backwards helps develop hip joint stability rock forwards and backwards: must be stable to rock as control increases lateral (Z) and diagonal (Y): weight shifting occurs encourage assume--> maintain --> rock-->reach

Answer 65

sagital --> frontal --> transverse rotation need x and z to get rotation

Answer 66

assume position --> maintain position --> rock-->reaching

Answer 67

bunny hopping [uses extended arms and pulls with flexed hips and knees] uses bilateral symmetrical LE and UE movements used because: 1. cannot lateral WS 2. no LE dissociation 3. no diagonal trunk control (need to reach forward with arm and contralateral leg to crawl normally) SPASTIC DIPLEGIA

Answer 68

to encourage weight bearing on the involved UE during play in quadruped then moving on to creeping

Answer 69

7-9 months sit functional: independent sitting - -may use positional stability (frog leg, ring sit) - -beginning to use a variety of sitting positions RED flag: IF NOT SITTING INDEPENDENTLY

Answer 70

RED FLAG: NOT SITTING INDEPENDENTLY

Answer 71

pull to stand (may see at 7 months) early attempts (may first begin in the crib): 1. fix pelvis into anterior pelvic tilt 2. primarily uses UEs: places arms on surface and pushes down or pulls with the arms to rise to stand 3. then forward weight shift 4. uses symmetrical LE extension to assist ***DOES NOT KNOW HOW TO SIT: FALLS TO SIT DOWN

Answer 72

1. uses LE more actively than he did at 8 months!! lateral WS: flexes non weight-bearing hip and places foot on the floor (1/2 kneeling, proposal) 2. uses UE for balance (not for the motion to happen) - as stability improves using one hand and pulls up on less stable objects - Improved stability: go from gripping to palming the surface with an open palm

Answer 73

Squats: quadriceps eccentrically contracting ----without eccentric quad control will fall: work on graded knee control: picking up toys from different surfaces (without this control on stairs they do step to pattern and when running they do a gallop run if lack midrange control and keep knees stiff) May drop Toys down to practice lowering self

Answer 74

1. stable shoulder girdle 2. activate abdominals (look for ripples to see contractions) 3. LE mobility 4. feet must PUSH against the floor (not pull) 5. elongates hamstrings and gastroc (need extension) good position to work towards and in for infants with movement difficulties especially high tone and low tone

Answer 75

side sit at 9 months (sitting with one leg like a w sit and the other leg like a half ring sit) 1. axial rotation 2. elongation of the trunk on the WB side 3. lumbar extension 4. LE dissociation: one hip ER and ABduct other hip IR and ADduct A COMBINATION OF RING SITTING AND "W" SITTING

Answer 76

W sitting is a normal sitting position, typical if it is part of a variety of sitting postures ***IF USED EXCLUSIVELY: leads to decreased control of trunk and hips 1. associated with low tone (posterior pelvic tilt) - -no pelvic rotation and no lateral weight shifting: trunk muscles are not challenged, - - W sitters lack trunk and pelvic stability - -using LE posturing for stability rather than muscle activity to stabilize the pelvis - -if used exclusively leads to decreased control of trunk and hips 2. reinforces femoral anteversion: femoral anteversion associated with toe-in gait ****if a child has hip dysplasia the extremes of internal rotation could put the child at risk for dislocation 3. stretches the MCL of the knee: later may contribute to genu valgum: knock knee position in standing 4. associated later in life with developing a SWAY BACK POSTURE

Answer 77

W sit associated with low tone (posterior pelvic tilt) 1. no pelvic rotation and no lateral weight shifting: trunk muscles are not challenged, 2. children who use W sit all the time lack trunk and pelvic stability 3. using LE posturing for stability rather than muscle activity to stabilize the pelvis --if used exclusively leads to decreased control of trunk and hips

Answer 78

reinforces femoral anteversion: femoral anteversion associated with toe-in gait ****if a child has hip dysplasia the extremes of internal rotation could put the child at risk for dislocation

Answer 79

stretch MCL later may contribute to genu valgum: knock knee position in standing

Answer 80

***IF USED EXCLUSIVELY: leads to decreased control of trunk and hips

Answer 81

without UE support: - quadriceps contract to elevate the body - hip extensors stabilize trunk * **if hip flexors are used to stabilize--slight anterior pelvic tilt and DF maintain hip flexion, ABduction and ER --if strong hip flexor contraction: anterior pelvic tilt and DF difficult for baby to extend hips in kneeling: rectus femoris is tight, gluteus maximus is weak

Answer 82

SIDESTEPPING: so that pelvis does not have to rotate REQUIRES 1. Hip ABduction and hip ADduction control 2. UE stability 3. LE weight shift WHAT WE MAY SEE 1. toe curling to increase stability (distal fixing for proximal stability) 2. shoulder elevation to increase postural stability ***BUILDS UP HIP ABDUCTOR STRENGTH

Answer 83

arms used for stability 1. Bilateral--if not then places trunk on the surface 2. As stability increases diagonally turns away and supports self with one UE 3. may take first step without UE support when reaching to another surface less hip and knee flexion raise up on toes in picture

Answer 84

two hands held-->one hand held SHOULDER fixing: scapula adduction: facilitates spinal extension PELVIC Anterior pelvic tilt HIPS hip ABduction and ER: wide BOS: in stance and in swing phase of gait ANKLE: everted heels FOOT: ***NO HEEL STRIKE

Answer 85

1. wide BOS: hips ABducted and ER (toe out) 2. Thoracolumbar extension to control the forward displacement of the body (need to align ribs over pelvis to facilitate abdominals) 3. Oral mechanism contributes to head, neck and shoulder stability 4. UE fixing: to stabilize shoulder girdle and upper trunk mature gait: age 3

Answer 86

age 3 years

Answer 87

Lateral Weight Shift through displacement of the head and shoulders and upper body UE: 1. if walking to parent: shoulders flexed and outstretched 2. stabilizing fixing: HIGH GUARD positioning arms move in and out of fixing pattern --one arm may be at side then with the next step in stabilizing position 3. NO RECIPROCAL ARMSWING HIP 1.excessive hip flexion throughout the entire gait cycle 2. hip extension varies to absent at terminal stance to a few degrees prior to toe off 3. hip ER throughout entire gait cycle: toe out KNEE 1. knee flexed through midstance with very early walkers gradually it is reduced and knee extension increases ANKLE 1. new walkers have absent heelstrike: go straight into footflat contact: or PF contact 2. relative footdrop in swing phase 3. PLANTAR FAT PAD: pronation (disappear at age 2 years and longitudinal arch becomes visible)

Answer 88

infants spending 81 minutes in prone achieve greater success in acquiring: prone, supine and sitting milestones comparing to those infants that spend less time (infants tend to spend most time in supine)

Answer 89

it is used to decrease the degrees of freedom at a joint can occur when a child is learning a new skill can be used for stability and to control movement. *lack of head control: neck hyperextension and shoulder girdle elevation in sitting is compensated for poor postural stability

Answer 90

``` 1-strong extension 2-unable to lift head in prone 3-no WB in supported standing 4-no kicking 5-strong asymmetrical postures 6-hypotonia ```

Answer 91

1) SUPINE: minimal kicking 2) no hands on body exploration 3) unable to lift head 4) no attempt to lift head when pull to sit

Answer 92

1) poor MIDLINE orientation of head and hands 2) unilateral UE use 3) prone unable to LIFT HEAD 4) pull to sit, no assist with HEAD LIFT 5) unable to RING SIT 6) no WB in supported standing

Answer 93

1) supine: no hands to feet or foot to mouth, poor midline orientation 2) rolls to side via extension 3) sidelie: no lateral flexion, no LE dissociation 4 )cannot ring sit 5) no WB or extension in standing

Answer 94

1) prone: maintains frog leg position, no UE WB 2) pull to sit: head lag, shoulder elevation (traps instead), no initiation 3) standing: WB on toes, LE extended

Answer 95

1) supine: prefers supine 2) prone: not reaching in all directions for toys 3) sitting: independent ring sit only, cannot transition in/out of sitting 4) quadruped: bunny hop 5) standing: no WB or weightshifting, heels not on floor

Answer 96

1) sitting: "w" or ring only, no transitions in or out, cannot sit independently 2) crawl: bunny hop or no crawling, cannot climb on furniture, scooting on butt 3) standing: weight on toes, unable to weight-shift, unable to reach for or play with toy

Answer 97

- in addition to what was mentioned 1) no cruising 2) no forward walking with hands held 3) commando crawling

Answer 98

1. LOWEST LEVEL OF POSTURAL CONTROL: infant falls to stop a movement 2. infant will extend and abduct arms or legs to stop a fall (increase BOS) 3. lateral righting reaction of the trunk to stop a movement or prevent a fall 4. MATURE LEVEL OF POSTURAL CONTROL:: equilibrium reactions to stop a movement or a fall--balance of extensors and flexors: lateral and diagonal movements

Answer 99

PURPOSE: regain balance when center of mass has been pushed beyond base of support movements are in FRONTAL and SAGITTAL planes: aBduction and extension of arms or legs to stop the fall in standing: stepping strategy in sitting: forward/ lateral/ posterior protective are used ***IMPAIRED WITH hemiparesis, CMT (torticollis), brachial plexus injury

Answer 100

infant is tilted slowly off balance, he automatically moves his head, trunk, and limbs in the opposite direction of the tilt to maintain balance developmental sequence 6 months: prone 8 months: supine, sitting 10-12 months: quadruped 12-21 months: standing

Answer 101

positive if head and trunk righting occurs away from the weight shift am and leg opposite the weight shift abduct trunk rotates: curves their trunk in the opposite direction of the tilt to maintain balance

Answer 102

1) Startles to loud sounds 2) quiets or smiles when spoken to 3) in response to sound: increase or decrease in sucking

Answer 103

1) cooing and gooing sounds 2) cries differently for different needs 3) smiles when sees you * concerning if not making sounds * should smile back

Answer 104

1) eyes move in direction of sound (tracks sound) 2) notice toys that make sounds 3) pays attention to music

Answer 105

1) babbling 2) laughs 3) vocalizes excitement and displeasure 4) makes gurgling sounds

Answer 106

1) likes peek-a-boo 2) turns and looks in direction of sound 3) understands simple instructions; begins to respond to requests (ie come here or want more) * social interactions

Answer 107

1) uses gestures to communicate 2) 1-2 words (hi, dog, dada, mama) may not be clear 3) uses speech or non crying sounds to get attention * concern frustrated if always cries to get attention because cannot communicate

Answer 108

1) ANY LOSS OF SPEECH, BABBLING, OR SOCIAL SKILLS AT ANY AGE BY 12 MONTHS 2) no babbling by 12 months old 3) no back and forth gestures as pointing, showing, reaching, waving by 12 months BY 16 MONTHS 4) no words by 16 months BY 24 MONTHS 5) no 2 word meaningful phrases (does not include imitation or repetition) by 24 months

Answer 109

pre-verbal teaches: 1. joint attention 2. sign and use the word for the action 3. hand over hand to create the sign 4. imitates the sign look for approximation

0-12 Months: Motor Development Flashcards

(135 cards)