005 Flashcards
(22 cards)
In transcription, information in _______ is used to make _______. Transcription is carried out by _______.
DNA, RNA, RNA polymerase
In translation, information in _______ is used to make a _______. Translation is carried out by the _______.
RNA, polypeptide protein, ribosome
The sequences in the genetic code table correspond to _______ in the mRNA.
Codons
UUU in the mRNA encodes _______.
Phe
Start codon: _______
AUG
Stop codons: _______
UAA, UAG, UGA
Steps to translate an mRNA sequence:
1.
Start at the 5’ end and read towards the 3’ end
Steps to translate an mRNA sequence:
2.
Start translating at the start codon (AUG)
Steps to translate an mRNA sequence:
3.
Look up 3-letter codons in the codon table - this gives the amino acids that correspond to each codon
Steps to translate an mRNA sequence:
4.
Translate, reading each three-letter codon, until the stop codon is reached
mRNA molecular class:
Nucleic acid (RNA)
tRNA molecular class:
Nucleic acid (RNA)
Ribosome molecular class:
Nucleic acid (RNA) + protein
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase molecular class:
Protein
Release factor molecular class:
Protein
Polypeptide molecular class:
Protein
In the ribosome, tRNA molecules interact with _______ (type of molecule) using _______ (type of intermolecular force).
mRNA codons, hydrogen bond interactions
If a tRNA molecule has the sequence 3’-GUU-5’, the mRNA codon this tRNA could bind to is _______ and the amino acid the tRNA would carry is _______ because _______.
5’-CAA-3’, Gln, in the genetic code table
5’-CAA-3’ corresponds to Gln
Only a charged tRNA / uncharged tRNA
can be used in translation.
Charged tRNA
What does it mean for a tRNA to be charged?
A charged tRNA has an amino acid covalently bonded to its 3’ end
What enzyme carries out tRNA charging?
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
Where in the cell does translation occur?
1. In eukaryotes:
2. In prokaryotes (bacteria):
Cytosol (both)
