Day 002 Flashcards
(27 cards)
Complete the sentence to describe the relationship between bond formation and energy: when a bond forms, ________.
Energy is released
_______: an interaction between two atoms
Bond
Complete the sentence to describe the relationship between bond formation and entropy (disorder) of the system: when a bond forms, ________.
Entropy of the system
increases
Complete the sentence: ________ bonds (type of bond) are within molecules as opposed to between molecules.
Covalent
________: the ability of atoms to attract electrons
Electronegativity
A bond in which the valence electrons are equally shared between two atoms (therefore atoms in the bond do NOT have permanent partial charges).
Nonpolar covalent bond
A bond in which the valence electrons are unequally shared between two atoms (therefore atoms in the bond have permanent partial charges):
Polar covalent bond
An interaction between atoms with full, opposite charges (ions):
Ionic (ion-ion) interaction
An interaction between a fully charged atom and an atom with an opposite partial charge:
Ion-dipole interaction
An interaction between a hydrogen with a permanent partial positive charge and a more electronegative atom (typically O or N) with a permanent partial negative charge:
Hydrogen bond interaction (a specific type of dipole-dipole interaction)
The tendency of hydrophobic molecules to group together in the presence of water:
Hydrophobic clustering (hydrophobic effect)
An extremely weak interaction between atoms that have temporary opposite charges:
London Dispersion Forces (LDF; type
of van der Waals interaction)
Nonpolar covalent bond strength (aqueous)
Strong
Polar covalent bond strength (aqueous)
Strong
Ionic (ion-ion) interaction strength (aqueous)
Weak
Ion-dipole interaction strength (aqueous)
Weak
Hydrogen bond interaction strength (aqueous)
Weak
Hydrophobic clustering strength (aqueous)
Very weak
LDF strength (aqueous)
Very weak
Hydroxyl (OH) property:
Polar uncharged
Carbonyl (CO) property:
Polar uncharged
Carboxyl (COOH or COO-) property:
Negatively charged
Amino (NH, NH2,+NH3) property:
NH: Polar
+NH3: Positively charged
Amide (C(=O)NH, CONH2) property:
Polar uncharged
