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CMSC 125 Operating Systems > 01 Introduction > Flashcards

01 Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Three OS Goals

A
  1. EASE in execution of programs and problem solving
  2. CONVENIENCE in using comp. system
  3. EFFICIENCE in using comp hardware
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2
Q

4 Components of a computer system

A

Hardware
OS
Applications
User

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3
Q

Computer system component which provides basic computing resource

A

Hardware

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4
Q

Computer system component which controls and coordinates use of hardware among applications and users

A

Operating system

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5
Q

Computer system component which define how resources are used to solve a problem

A

Application programs

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6
Q

OS Definition wherein it manages all resources

A

Resource alloator

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7
Q

OS definition wherein it controls execution of programs to prevent errors and encapsulates the system

A

Control program

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8
Q

The heart of the OS which is running at all times

A

Kernel

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9
Q

the _____ is loaded at power up or reboot which loads the OS kernel. This is typically stored in ROM or EPROM known as _____

A

Bootstrap program

Firmware

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10
Q

Flow of the computer system organization

A

CPU and device controllers connect thru common bus > provides access to shared memory > compete for memory cycles (concurrent)

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11
Q

Contains all the interrupt service routines

A

Interrupt vector

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12
Q

Software generated interrupt

A

Trap or exception

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13
Q

Request to OS to allow user to wait for IO completion

A

System Call

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14
Q

Contains entry for each IO device; indicating its type, address and state

A

Device status table

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15
Q

Volatile memory that the CPU can access

A

Main memory

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16
Q

Determine logical interaction between device and computer

A

Disk controller

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17
Q

Copy information into faster storage system

A

Caching

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18
Q

Provide uniform interface between controller and kernel

A

Device driver

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19
Q

Used for high speed IO devices to transmit information clos to memory speed

1 interrupt per block

A

Direct memory access

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20
Q

Also known as parallel systems or tightly coupled systems

A

Multiprocessors

21
Q

Advantages of parallel systems

A

Increased throughput
Economy of scale
Increase in reliability

22
Q

Type of parallel system wherein each processor is assigned to a special task

A

Assymetric multiprocessing

23
Q

Type of parallel systems wherein each processor performs all tasks

A

Symmetric multiprocessor

24
Q

It is multi’chip and multi’core

It contains multiple separate systems

25
Multiple systems working together
Clustered systems
26
Sharing storage used by clustered systems
Storage area network
27
High availability service of a cluster system wherein one machine is in standby mode
Asymmetric clustering
28
High availability service of a cluster system wherein it has multiple nodes running apps and monitoring each other
Symmetric clustering
29
What is HPC used by clustered systems
High performance computing
30
For HPC, apps must be written to use ____
Parallelization
31
Some clustered systems have this to avoid conflicting operations
Distributed lock manager
32
An OS structure wherein CPU has idle times and a job is selected via _____ OS switched to another job while waiting
Multiprogramming | Batch system
33
OS system structur wherein CPU switched jobs so frequently that users can interact with each job
Timesharing | Multitasking
34
Several jobs are ready to run at the same time
CPU scheduling
35
Allows execution of processes not completely in memory
Virtual memory
36
OS operation which allows OS to protect itself and other system components
Dual mode
37
These type of instructions are only executable in kernel mode
Privileged instructions
38
Used to prevent infnite loop and hogging of resources
Timer
39
Mode bit is ZERO
Kernel mode
40
Mode bit is ONE
user
41
Abstract physical properties to a logical storage unit
File
42
Multiprocessor environment should have this tohave the most recent value in their cache
Cache coherency
43
Overlapping of output of one job with input of another job
Spooling
44
Mechanism to control access of processes or users to resources
Protecton
45
Defense of system against internal and external attacks
Security
46
Allows user to change effective ID with more rights
Privilege escalation
47
Source CPU use different type from target type
Emulation
48
Computing language is not compiled into native code
Interpretation
49
run guest apps on native host OS
Virtualization

CMSC 125 Operating Systems (7 decks)

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