Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Today > 0103 - Micro 3/3 > Flashcards

0103 - Micro 3/3 Flashcards

(57 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Pen G,V - mech, use, tox, resistance

A

Binds pen-binding proteins, blocks transpeptidase cross-link, activate autloytic. Gram POS + N. meningitides and Treponema. Cidal for cocci and gram + rods and spirochetes. HS reaction, hemolytic anemia. Penicillinase can cleave Beta-lactam ring.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Aminopencillins

A

Ampicillin, amoxicillin. HELPSSS kill enterococci. H flu, E coli, Listeria, Proteus, Salmonella, Shigella, entero. Hypersensitivity, rash, pseudomembranous colitis. Penicillinase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pencillinase-resistant penicillins

A

Oxacillin, nafcillin, dicloxaxillin. Bulky R group blocks access of Beta-lactamase to ring. Use for Staph aureus except MRSA (altered penicillin bending protein). Hypersensitivity, interstitial NEPHRITIS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Antipseudomonals

A

Ticarcillin, piperacillin. Same mech as Pen. Susceptible to pencillinase so use with Beta-lactamase inhibitors. Hypersensitivity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Beta-lactamase inhibitors.

A

CAST = Clavulanic Acid, Sulbactam, Tazobactam. The CaST for Betas has been set.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cephalosporin coverage?

A

1st - PECK (Proteus, E coli, Klebs)..2nd - HEN PEcKS (H flu, Enterobacter, Neisseria, Klebs, Serratia)..Don’t cover LAME - Listeria, Atypicals, MRSA, and Enterococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cephalosporin names

A

1st - cefazolin, cephalexin. 2nd - cefoxitin, cefaclor, cefuroxime. 3rd - ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime. 4th - cefepime (better against Pseudo and gram+). 5th - ceftaroline (broad + MRSA but NOT pseudo).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Aztreonam

A

Monobactam resistant to Beta-lactamases. Synergistic w/ aminoglycosides. Only gram-NEG rods.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Carbapenems

A

Imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem, doripenem. Always administerd with CILASTATIN (inhibitor of renal dehydropeptidase I) to dec. inactivation. Gram POS cocci, Gram-NEG rods, and anearobes. SE’s = GI, skin rash, Seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Vanc usage and tox

A

Gram + ONLY (MRSA, enterococci, C. dificile). Tox = Nephro, oto, Thrombophlebitis, flushing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Macrolide specific mech

A

Translocation (50S) by binding 23S rRNA. Static. Same with Clinda. MacroSLIDES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Gentamicin, Neomycin (abd surgery), Amikacin, Tobramcin, Streptomycin. cidal. Inhibit initiation -> misread mRNA.. Req O2 for uptake! Severe Gram-NEG rod, synergistic w/ beta-lactam. Nephrotox, Neuromuscular, Ototox, Teratogen. Resistant - bacterial transferase enzymes inactivate. Do NNOT MISREAD aminoGlycosides.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tetracyclines

A

t for TRNA binding. Tetracyclnine, doxycycline, minocycline. Stati. Doxy helpful for RENAL failure. No milk or antacids. Prisoner in cell plays tetris! Used for Borrelia, Mycoplasma, Ricketsia, Chlamydia. SE - Discolored teeth, GI, photosensitivity. NO preg. Resistance via dec. uptake or increased efflux.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Macrolides

A

Azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin. Use for atypical pneumonias (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Legionella), STD, Strep. Tox = MACRO = gi Motility, Arrhythmia by long QT, Cholestatic hepatitis, rash, Eosinophilia. Resistant via methylation of 23S rRNA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Blocks 50S peptidyltransferase. Static. In the Rockies, we use Gray Clorox for Meningitis. Meningitis (H flu, N. men, Strep pneumo) and RMSF. Tox = anemia, asplastic anemia, gray-baby. Resist by plasma-encoded acetyltransferase to inactive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Clindamycin

A

Blocks translocation of 50S. Static. Use for Anaerobes ABOVE diaphragm (aspiration pneumonia, lung abscess, oral infection) + GAS. Tox = C. dif

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sulfonamides

A

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfisoxazole, sulfadiazine. Inhibits folate synthesis (dihydropteroate synthase). Used for gram +, gram -, Nocardia, Chlamydia. Tox - hypersensitivity, G6PD hemolysis, nephro, photo, kernicterus in infants, displace drugs(like warfarin) from albumin. Resi - altered enzyme, dec. uptake, or inc. PABA synthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Trimethoprim

A

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase. Static. TMP-SMX used for sequential folate synthesis block for UTIs, Shigella, Salmonella, PCP, toxo ppx. Tox - Megaloblastic anemia, leikpenia, granulocytopenia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Fluoroquinolones

A

Ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, levofloxacin, etc. Inhibits topo II and topo IV. Cidal. DONT TAKE with PPIs. Use for Gram-neg rodss of urinary and GI, Neisseria, some gram POS. Tendon rupture, leg cramps, myalgias. Contra = pregnant, nursing, children). Resist - chromosome-encoded mutation in DNA gyrase, plasma for efflux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Metronidazole

A

Forms free radicals to damage DNA. Cidal, antiprotozoal. GET GAP on the Metro. Anaerobics BELOW diaphragm. Tox - disulfiram-like reaction w/ alcohol. HA, metallic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

PPx for Mycobacterium tuberuclosis, avium, leprae.

A

INH, Azithro/rifabutin, N/A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tx for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, avium, leprae.

A

RIPE, Azithro/clarithro + ethambutol, dapsone + rifampin +/- clofazimine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

INH

Study These Flashcards
A

Dec. synthesis of my colic acid (need bacterial catalase-peroxidase). Tox = INH - injures neurons and hepatocytes.

24
Q

Rifamycins

Study These Flashcards
A

Rifampin and rifabutin. Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. 4 R’s = RNA pol inhibitors, Ramps up microsomal P450, Red/orange body fluids, Rapid resistance if alone, RifAMPin ramps up P450 BUT rifaBUTin does not.

25
Pyrazinamide
? mech. May acidify intracellular. Tox - hyperuricemia, hepato
26
Ethambutol
Blocks arabinosyltransferase -> decreases carbohydrate polymerization of mycobacterium wall. Tox = optic neuropathy.
27
Endocarditis ppx w/ dental
Penicillins
28
Gonorrhea ppx
Ceftriaxone
29
Hx of UTI ppx
TMP-SMX
30
Meningococcal inf. ppx
Cipro or rifampin (children)
31
GBS POS pregnant women ppx
Ampicillin
32
Newborn conjuctivitis 2/2 gonococcal/chlamydial
Erythromycin
33
Post surgical ppx against Staph
Cefazolin
34
Syphilis ppx
Benzathine pen G
35
HIV Ppx
CD4 Azithromycin ppx for Myobacterium avium
36
Sterol pathway for antifungals
Squalene -(squalene epoxidase, terbanifine)-> squalene epoxide -> lanosterol -(14-alpha-demethylase, azoles)-> ergosterol -> membrane
37
Amphotericin B
Binds ergosterol and forms membrane pores. For serious systemic mycoses (Cryptococcus, Blasto, Coccidio, Histo, Candida, Mucor). Intrathecal available. K+ and Mg+ sup. Tox = fever, chills, hypotension, nephro, arrhythmias, anemia, IV phlebitis.
38
Nystatin
Binds ergosterol and forms pores. Only TOPICAL.
39
Azoles
Inhibits P450 enzyme (14-alpha-demethylase) that forms ergosterol. Fluconazole for cryptococcal meningitis ppx in AIDS. Itracon for Blasto, COccidio, HIsto. Tox - testosterone synthesis inhibition (esp keto), liver
40
Flucytosine
Converts to 5-FU (thymidylate synthase inhibitor). Cryptococcus meningitis. Used w/ amphotericin B.
41
Echinocandins
Caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin. Inhibits synthesis of Beta-glucan to prevent cell wall synthesis. Used for invasive aspergillosis and Candida. Tox - GI and flushing.
42
Terbinafine
Inhibits squalene epoxidase. Used for dermatophytoses. tox - GI, HA, hepato, taste.
43
Griseofulvin
Interferes with MT. Oral tx for superficial infections (tines, ringworm). Teratogenic, carcinogenic, confusion, HA.
44
Chloroquine
Blocks detoxification of heme into hemozoin -> heme accumulation to kill plasmodia. Used for species other than falciparum b/c of resistant via membrane pump. Tox - retinopathy, pruritus.
45
Neruaminidase inhibitors
Zanamivir, olsetamivir. For influenza A and B.
46
Ribavarin
Inhibits IMP dehydrogenase to inhibit formation of guanine nucleosides. Used for RSV and chronic HCV. Tox - SEVERE teratogen. hemolytic anemia.
47
Guanosine analogs
Acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir, and ganciclovir.
48
HSV/VZV guanosine analogs
Acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir. Phosphorylated by viral thymidine kinase but not cellular cells. Inhibits viral DNA pol by chain termination. HSV and VZV. Weak against EBV and none against CMV. No effect on latent forms. Tox - crystalline ephropathy. Res - mutated viral thymidine kinase.
49
Ganciclovir
5' monophosphate framed by CMV viral kinase, with triphosphate formed by cellular kinases. Inhibits viral DNA pol. Tox - leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, renal. Resist - mutated pol or lack of viral kinase.
50
Foscarnet
Pyrophosphate-binding site of viral DNA pol. No activation required. CMV retinitis, acyclovir resistant HSV. Nephrotoxic. Rest - mut viral pol.
51
Cidofovir
viral DNA pol, no activation. CMV retinitis or acyclovir-resistant HSV. Nephrotoxicity (Req. probenecid and IV saline)
52
HAART therapy
2 NRTIs + 1 NNRTI/1 PI/1 Integrase inhibitor. Initiated with AIDS-defining illness, low CD <500, or high viral load.
53
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
All nucleosides except tenofovir (nucleotide) that competitively inhibits binding to RT to terminate DNA chain (lacking 3' OH group). ABC, ddl, FTC, 3TC, d4T, TDF, ZDV=AZT. Tox - bone marrow suppression reversed with G-CSF and EPO, peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis, rash, anemia (ZDV)
54
Protease Inhibitors
NAVIR tease a protease. HIV-1 protease (pol gene) inhibitor. Tox - hyperglyecemia, n/d, kipodystrophy, nephro and hematuria (indinavir)
55
NNRTIs
Efavirenz, Nevirapine, Delavirdine.
56
Integrase inhibitors
Raltegravir. Tox - hyperchol.
57
Fusion inhibitors.
Enfuvirtide binds gp41. Maraviroc binds CCR5 on Tcells to inhibit gp120 interaction.

Today (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions