02 - Fennec Limits Flashcards
1
Q
Size of helicopter
(Length, Rotor diameter, height, tail stinger clearence)
A
- Lenght: 12.94 m
- Rotor diameter: 10.69 m
- Height: 3.33 m
- Tail stinger ground clearence: 0.73 m
2
Q
Aircraft weight limitations
A
- Maximum permissible: 2250 kg
- w/jettisonable external weapons: 2350 kg
- w/slinged cargo: 2500 kg
3
Q
Maximum cargo
- Slinged: ?
- On rear cabin floor: ?
- On L.H. forward cabin floor: ?
- In L.H. hold: ?
- In R.H. hold (20 kg battery): ?
- In rear hold: ?
A
- Slinged: 750 kg
- On rear cabin floor: 310 kg
- On L.H. forward cabin floor: 150 kg
- In L.H. hold: 120 kg
- In R.H. hold (20 kg battery): 100 kg
- In rear hold: 80 kg
4
Q
VNE
Power on (doors closed)
A
155 kts
Altitude reduction: subtract 3 kts / 1000 ft
Cold WX reduction: -10 kts below -30°C
5
Q
VNE
Power off (doors closed)
A
125 kts
Altitude reduction: substract 3 kts / 1000 ft
Cold WX reduction: -20 kts below -20°C
6
Q
VNE
w/slinged load
A
80 kts
7
Q
VNE
Doors Open configurations
A
8
Q
VNE
Sliding door operation
A
Opening / Closing: 60 kts.
9
Q
Minimum speed
Autopilot activation
A
- HDG hold: 50 kts.
- T/C: 50 kts.
- A/S hold: 50 kts.
- ALT hold: 60 kts. (Recommended to engage only when <1000 FPM)
10
Q
Autopilot operation limitations
A
(T-A-S-T W)
- Do not operate if TRIM caution light does not illuminate or remains steady during test
- Lowest altitude, hands off cyclic: 400’ AGL
- Force required to break shear pin: 10 daN
- Min. bank angle for T/C to assist: 7º bank
- Aircraft total weight at or above: 1300 kg
11
Q
Maximum pressure altitude
A
20.000 ft.
12
Q
Wind limitations for starting and shutdown
A
- From all directions 40 kts max
- Headwind 50 kts max
13
Q
Wind limitations for landing on transport cart
A
- Steady wind average 25 kts.
- Maximum gust spred 10 kts.
14
Q
Temperature limitations
A
- Maximum: ISA +35°C (limited to +50°C)
- Minimum: -40°C (may be limited to -25º with certain spherical thrust bearing - not installed in ESK724 Fennec)
15
Q
Maneuvering limitations
A
Do not exceed the load factor corresponding to the servocontrol reversibility limit
16
Q
Start up conditions
- on ground, flight idle, no bleed air
- Voltage ?
- NR ?
- T4 ?
- Torque ?
- ENG oil pressure ?
- ENG oil temp ?
- Ng ?
- ∆Ng ?
A
- Voltage 27,5V
- NR 380 ± 5 RPM
- T4 ca. 450° - 550°
- Torque 20 - 30%
- ENG oil pressure > 1,3 bar
- ENG oil temp < 85°
- Ng 82 - 85%
- ∆Ng < -10
17
Q
Cold weather operation
A
- Ground run to avoid preheating
- if about -20°C - every two hours
- if below -20°C - every hour
- Turn rotor at least once by hand before starting up
- Check the fuel tank straps for tension
- If control loads are considered higher than at normal temperatures, move cyclic stick 3-4 cm forward (nose down) for 2 minutes to warm up the spherical thrust bearings
- Move the yaw pedals about 50% of their travel range on either side of the mid-position
18
Q
Flight in falling snow
A
NOTE: If snow filter is installed these limits are not valid
- Vis above 1500 m: Flight authorized
- Vis 800 m to 1500 m: 10 minute limit, including time to leave
- Vis below 800 m: Flight is prohibited
19
Q
Main rotor speed
power on
- Avoid range: ?
- On the ground at low pitch: ?
- In stabilized flight: ?
- Continuous horn activation: ?
- Intermittent horn activation: ?
A
- Avoid range: 300-320 RPM (ground resonance)
- On the ground at low pitch: 380 ± 5 RPM
- In stabilized flight: 390 +4 / -5 RPM
- Continuous horn activation: 250-360 RPM
- Intermittent horn activation: >410 RPM
20
Q
Main rotor speed
power off
A
- Minimum: 320 RPM
- Maximum: 430 RPM
21
Q
Rotor brake limitation
A
- Routine / shutdown: 100 RPM
- In gusty conditions: 140 RPM
- Maximum: 170 RPM
- Minimum time between two consecutive brake applications: 5 minutes
22
Q
Torque limitations
A
Airspeed below 40 kts
- Maximum transient (10 seconds): 107%
- Maximum continuous: 100%
Airspeed above 40 kts
- Maximum continuous: 94%
NOTE: LIMIT warning light illuminates when torque reaches or exceeds 100%
23
Q
Gas generator speed, Ng
A
- Max transient rating (< 5 seconds): ∆Ng= +6 (Ng 107,5%)
- Max takeoff rating (5 minutes)
- without P2 bleed: ∆Ng= 0
- with P2 bleed: ∆Ng= -0,6
- Max continuous rating: ∆Ng= -3,5 (Ng 98%)
NOTE: with sand filter installed and on,
- subtract 1 from ∆Ng limits above +35°C, and
- subtract 0,5 from ∆Ng limits above +5°C and below +35°C
NOTE: 100% Ng corresponds to 51800 RPM
NOTE: LIMIT warning light illuminates when ∆Ng reading reaches or exceeds 0
24
Q
T4 temperature
A
- Max for engine starting: 795°C
- Max transient during starting (≤5 sec.): 865°C
- Max continuous: 795°C
- Max on takeoff: 845°C
- Increase with sand filter operating: approx. 15°C
25
Free turbine speed
* Max transient (≤ 5 sec.): **463 RPM**
* Max continuous equivalent: **417 RPM**
* Min transient (≤ 5 sec.): **330 RPM**
**NOTE:** 394 rotor RPM corresponds to:
* Freeturbine: 42.452 RPM
* Tail rotor drive shaft: 6125 RPM
* Tail rotor: 2086 RPM
26
Emergency fuels
## Footnote
*- Gasoline*
* Maximum **25 hours** in one overhaul period
* Add **2%** of mineral lubricating oil if possible
* Up to **1500 ft** PA
* Fuel temperature up to **+30° C** (OAT)
27
Fuel pressure
* Pressure in the event of fuel filter clogging: **\< 0,4 bar** (5,8 PSI)
* Pre-clogging indicator set for: **0,2 bar differential** (200mb, 2,9 PSID)
28
Fuel
(quantities)
* Max capacity: **?**
* Unusable: **?**
* Fuel light activation level: **?**
* Max capacity: **540 L / 427 kg**
* Unusable: **1,25 L / 1 kg**
* Fuel light activation level: min. **60 L** (**11,1%** appr. **18 minutes**)
29
Fuel flow
heating / demisting on
Add **4 %**
30
Anti-ice additive
**NOTE:** Not applicable if helicopter is equipped with anti-ice fuel filter (A/F Fuel Filter is used as anti-ice)
* Compulsary if OAT is below 0°C
* Max concentration between 0,10 and 0,15 Vol. %
31
MGB pressure
*and*
MGB temperature
* MGB P and MGB T must **remain off** in flight
* MGB P activates at pressure below **1 bar** (14,5 psi)
* MGB T activates at or above **115°C**
* Safe operating time w/: **45 min**
* zero oil pressure
* level flight
* min. power (55 kts)
32
Engine oil pressure
* Minimum (70-85% Ng): **1,3 bar**
Minimum (\>85% Ng): **1,8 bar**
Maximum (outside starting sequence: **5 bar**
33
Engine oil temperature
* Minimum (before power application): **0° C**
* Minimum (before T/O if OAT \< 0° C): **40° C**
* Maximum: **115° C**
34
Hydraulic system pressure
* HYD light must be **off in flight**
* HYD light and continuous horn activation: **\<30 bar**
* HYD system pressure: **40 bar**
* HYD off safety airspeed range: **40-60 kts**
* HYD off collective neutral load feedback: **approx. 40%**
* HYD off control load feedback
* Cyclic force to push left at safety airspeed: approx. **4** daN
* Cyclic force to push forward at safety airspeed: approx. **5** daN
* Maximum cyclic force pilot will have to exert laterally, left or right: approx. **15** daN
* Maximum cyclic force pilot will have to exert longitudinal, forward: approx **17** daN
* Maximum collective force pilot will have to exert: approx. **20** kg.
35
Electrical system
* Rated voltage: **?**
* Maximum voltage: **?**
* Maximum current: **?**
* Rated voltage: **26-29 V**
* Maximum voltage: **31,5 V**
* Maximum current: **150 A**
36
Slope limitations
* Nose-up: **10°**
* Sideways: **8°**
* Nose-down: **6°**
* Night unaided: **3°**
* Night NVG (normal limits - exercise caution above): **5°**
37
Restrictions, prohibited maneuvers
* **Aerobatics**
* Flying in **freezing rain** or **icing** conditions
* Engine power reduction in flight using fuel flow control **except for autorotational training**
38
Minimum crew
1 pilot (in startboard seat)
39
Transport of personnel
Maximum 6 (including pilot)
40
Hydraulic and lubrication capacities
* TGB: **?**
* MGB: **?**
* Engine: **?**
* HYD: **?**
* TGB: **0,33 L**
* MGB: **6,50 L**
* Engine: **6,20 L**
* HYD: **3,00 L**
41
Direct battery components
**(DIF MIAU)**
* **D**elta Ng indicator
* **I**CS
* **F**lood UV light
* **M**ap lights overhead
* **I**FF
* **A**nti-collision light
* **U**HF
42
Maximum flight time on battery w/ minimum equipment operating
Day *(BAT, Fuel Pumps, VHF, RNAV)*:
**50 min**
Night *(above +, INST Light, Horizon, POS light, ANTI-COL light)*:
**20 min**
43
Engine Starter/generator
When starting the engine, the starter time is the time between selecting the engine starting selector to ON and the engine igniting.
When performing an engine ventilation, the starter time is the duration that “CRANK” is pressed.
To prevent starter overheat damage, limit starter time to the following:
**- 30 seconds ON**
**- 60 seconds OFF**
**- 30 seconds ON**
**- 60 seconds OFF**
**- 30 seconds ON**
**- 30 minutes OFF**
The 30 minutes cooling period is required before beginning another starting cycle.
