02 The First Civilizations

Question 1

oasis

Answer 1

place in the desert where there is water

Question 2

silt

Answer 2

fertile soil left behind by floodwaters

Question 3

hieroglyphics

Answer 3

form of writing developed by Egyptians by about 3000 BC, which used more than 600 symbols to indicate words or sounds

Question 4

papyrus

Answer 4

writing material produced by Egyptians

Question 5

kingdom

Answer 5

form of government headed by a king or a queen

Question 6

monarchy

Answer 6

synonym for kingdom

Question 7

pharaoh

Answer 7

Egyptian ruler

Question 8

dynasty

Answer 8

family of rulers in which the right to rule passes from one generation to the next

Question 9

empire

Answer 9

form of government in which an individual or single people rules over many other peoples and their territories

Question 10

polytheism

Answer 10

belief in many gods

Question 11

monotheism

Answer 11

belief in one god

Question 12

caravans

Answer 12

groups of people traveling together for safety over long distances

Question 13

scribes

Answer 13

governmental clerks who could read and write

Question 14

mummification

Answer 14

process by which the body was treated with chemicals so it would remain preserved

Question 15

city-state

Answer 15

Sumerian community that included a town or city and the surrounding land it controlled

Question 16

cuneiform

Answer 16

wedge-shaped Sumerian writing

Question 17

arch

Answer 17

curved structure over an opening

Question 18

ziggurats

Answer 18

Sumerian temples that were built in layers, like a wedding cake, and that could be up to 150 feet high

Question 19

cavalry

Answer 19

units of soldiers on horseback

Question 20

barter

Answer 20

exchange of one commodity or service for another

Question 21

money economy

Answer 21

economic system based on the use of money

Question 22

ethical monotheism

Answer 22

Hebrew form of monotheism, which emphasizes ethics, or proper conduct

Question 23

Menes

Answer 23

Egyptian ruler who united Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt into one kingdom sometime after 3200 BC

Question 24

Hyksos

Answer 24

Asiatic people who took control of most of Egypt around 1650 BC and continued to rule for more than 100 years

Question 25

Hatshepsut

Answer 25

Egyptian queen who ruled from 1512 BC to 1482 BC

Question 26

Amenhotep IV

Answer 26

Egyptian pharaoh who ruled from about 1380 BC to 1362 BC and who tried to bring religious and social change to Egypt; changed his name to Akhenaton

Question 27

Tutankhamen

Answer 27

boy pharaoh who became Egypt's ruler after the death of Amenhotep IV

Question 28

Ramses II

Answer 28

powerful Egyptian leader who ruled from about 1279 BC to 1213 BC

Question 29

Sargon I

Answer 29

most powerful ruler of the Akkadian kings, who established the Akkadian empire

Question 30

Hammurabi

Answer 30

ruler of the Babylonians who developed a collection of laws

Question 31

Nebuchadnezzar

Answer 31

powerful and wise Chaldean ruler

Question 32

Cyrus the Great

Answer 32

Persian ruler who led the conquest of the Fertile Crescent and Asia Minor

Question 33

Darius I

Answer 33

ruler who extended Persian rule

Question 34

Xerxes I

Answer 34

son of Darius who also extended Persian rule; failed to conquer the Greeks

Question 35

Zoroaster

Answer 35

Persian prophet and religious reformer

Question 36

Abraham

Answer 36

Hebrew leader who was promised that a great nation would come through him (through his son Isaac and grandson Jacob)

Question 37

Moses

Answer 37

Hebrew leader who led his people out of slavery in Egypt and brought them the Ten Commandments

Question 38

Saul

Answer 38

first king of the united kingdom of Israel

Question 39

David

Answer 39

Hebrew king who occupied the city of Jerusalem, making it his capital and a religious center

Question 40

Solomon

Answer 40

Hebrew king who built a great temple in Jerusalem

Question 41

Mesopotamia

Answer 41

an ancient region of southwestern Asia in present-day Iraq, lying between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers

Question 42

Israel

Answer 42

northern kingdom after the split of Israel; comprised of 10 tribes

Question 43

Judah

Answer 43

southern kingdom after the split of Israel; comprised of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin

Question 44

Jerusalem

Answer 44

capital of the united kingdom of Israel