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KICS W1 (old) > 03 Ancient Indian Civilization > Flashcards

03 Ancient Indian Civilization Flashcards

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1
Q

monsoon

A

a seasonal prevailing wind in the region of South and Southeast Asia, blowing from the southwest between May and September and bringing rain (the wet monsoon), or from the northeast between October and April (the dry monsoon)

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1
Q

citadel

A

a fortress, typically on high ground, protecting or dominating a city

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1
Q

When did the Indus Valley civilization arise?

A

circa 2500 BC

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1
Q

Sanskrit

A

the Indo-Aryan language

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1
Q

polygyny

A

marriage to more than one wife

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1
Q

polyandry

A

marriage to more than one husband

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2
Q

three northern mountain ranges of the Indian subcontinent

A

from west to east: Hindu Kush, Karakoram, Himalayas

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2
Q

Brahmins

A

priests in the Vedic religion

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2
Q

polygamy

A

marriage to more than one person

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3
Q

Vedas

A

the most ancient Hindu scriptures, written in early Sanskrit and containing hymns, philosophy, and guidance on ritual for the priests of Vedic religion

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4
Q

Vindhya Mountains

A

mountain range that separates northern and southern India

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4
Q

raja

A

a prince or king who ruled an Indo-Aryan city-state

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4
Q

suttee

A

ritual suicide of a widow by throwing herself on top of her husband’s flaming funeral pyre

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5
Q

Khyber Pass

A

a pass through the Hindu Kush; used by migrating or invading tribes

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5
Q

stupa

A

hemispherical (dome-shaped) shrine that held artifacts and objects associated with Buddha

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6
Q

Ganges River

A

flows southeast from the Himalayas through an immensely fertile valley

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7
Q

Indus River

A

flows southwest from the northern mountains through drier lands

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8
Q

Bay of Bengal

A

body of water off the eastern coast of India

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9
Q

Arabian Sea

A

body of water off the western coast of India

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10
Q

Indian Ocean

A

body of water to the south of India

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11
Q

famous twin cities of the Indus Valley civilization

A

Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa

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12
Q

Indo-Gangetic Plain

A

The three main geographic regions of India are the northern mountains, the _____, and the Deccan.

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13
Q

Hindu Kush

A

The three mountain ranges in northern India are the Himalaya, the Karakoram, and the _____.

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14
Q

three-quarters

A

In most of India, about _____ of the entire year’s rainfall comes between mid-June and early October.

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15
Harappan
Scholars call the earliest Indus Valley civilization the _____ civilization.
16
bricks
Many Harappan dwellings were constructed of _____ that were baked in kilns.
17
earthquakes
Three possible scenarios advanced by scholars to explain the fall of the Harappan civilization are: invading conquerors, devastating floods, or _____.
18
herding
The primary Indo-Aryan occupation was _____.
19
wheat and barley
The principal crops of the Indo-Gangetic Plain were _____.
20
by word of mouth
The Vedas were passed on from generation to generation _____.
21
sacrifices
The Vedic religion valued the function of ritual _____ in hope of obtaining good health, long life, or wealth.
22
The One
The Vedic religion, full of references to many gods, had one chief god, "_____".
23
Upanishads
complex philosophical explanations of the Vedic religion
24
epics
long poems describing heroes and great events
25
Mahabharata
one of the two great Sanskrit epics that describes the civil war waged between the five Pandava brothers and their 100 stepbrothers
26
Ramayana
one of the two great Sanskrit epics that tells the story of two royal heroic figures, Rama and his wife Sita
27
Bhagavad Gita
the last 18 chapters of the Mahabharata; stresses the idea that conducting oneself properly according to one's status in life marks the highest fulfillment in life
28
caste system
form of social organization based on varnas, or fixed social classes
29
monism
the belief that God and human beings are one
30
maya
the belief that the world known to our senses is merely an illusion
31
reincarnation
the rebirth of the soul
32
dharma
virtue, righteousness, and duty, especially social and caste duty in accord with the cosmic order
33
karma
positive or negative force generated by a person's actions, which will determine their status in the next life
34
yoga
a physical and mental discipline designed to harmonize body with soul
35
nirvana
the perfect peace that releases the soul from the endless cycle of reincarnation (Buddhism)
36
moksha
release from the cycle of rebirth impelled by the law of karma (Hinduism)
37
Siddhartha Gautama
founder of Buddhism who became known as the Buddha, or "the Enlightened One"
38
Chandragupta Maurya
the powerful young adventurer that established the Mauryan Empire
39
Asoka
one of the greatest rulers of the Mauryan Empire; conquered almost all of India and urged religious toleration
40
Samudragupta
he set his triumphs and his boasts of victory on Asoka’s pillars, next to Asoka's regrets and repentance
41
Kumaragupta
son and successor of Chandragupta II; brought the empire to its peak
42
Skandagupta
After the death of _____, invaders gained control of northern India.
43
Pataliputra
the Gupta capital city
44
Darius
The Persian ruler _____ conquered part of India in the 500s BC.
45
Buddhist (Asoka)
Asoka became so sickened by the slaughter of battle that he renounced war and became a devout _____.
46
stone pillars
Asoka set up _____ inscribed with his laws throughout the empire.
47
intermarriage
The Guptas expanded their power greatly through _____ and conquest.
48
Hinduism (Guptas)
Though the Guptas continued to support Buddhism, they favored _____, which became the dominant religion of India.
49
golden age
India during the reign of the Guptas has been called a _____ because of the brilliant civilization that flourished at the time.
50
Ajanta
The paintings in the caves at _____ are a valuable source of information about daily life during the Gupta period.
51
Indo-Aryans
people who developed a caste system
52
Susruta
Indian doctor who practiced strict cleanliness and disinfected wounds
53
Aryabhata
Indian mathematician who computed the value of pi (π)
54
Chandragupta I
built a small empire centered on the Ganges River
55
Chandragupta II
society and the arts prospered during his reign
56
Panchatantra
"Five Books", a series of fables from the Gupta period

KICS W1 (old) (12 decks)

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