02.06 - Hyperglycemia Flashcards
(27 cards)
What hormone is responsible for increased glucose uptake by cells?
Insulin
What hormone maintains homeostasis by increasing blood glucose?
Glucagon
Which type of diabetes is characterised by insulin deficiency?
Type I DM
This process refers to the breakdown of glycogen to produce glucose.
Glycogenolysis
This refers to the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.
Gluconeogenesis
Type II DM is characterised by insulin ___________.
Resistance
What is the normal range for fasting plasma glucose?
70-100 mg/dL
1 mg/dL is equivalent to how many mmol/L?
18 mmol/L
What is the pre-diabetic range for fasting plasma glucose?
101-125 mg/dL
Diabetics have >________ mg/dL fasting plasma glucose.
126
This test measures the difficulty in metabolising intake of sugar or carbohydrates.
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
What is the normal 2-hour value for OGTT?
<140 mg/dL
What is the 2-hour pre-diabetic value for OGTT?
140-200 mg/dL
What is the 2-hour diabetic value for OGTT?
> 200 mg/dL
This test measures long-term blood glucose control.
HbA1c test
What is the normal value for the HbA1c test?
4-5.9%
What is the pre-diabetic value for HbA1c test?
6-6.5%
What is the diabetic value for HbA1c test?
> 6.5%
What sodium-dependent glucose transporter is found in intestinal cells?
SGLT1
What sodium-dependent glucose transporter is abundant in the kidneys?
SGLT2
What glucose transporter is insulin dependent and found in muscle cells and adipose tissue?
GLUT4
These are high-affinity glucose transporters found in the brain and the placenta.
GLUT3
These glucose transporters pump glucose out of the intestinal cells.
GLUT2
These high-affinity, low-capacity glucose transporters are found in RBCs and the blood-brain barrier.
GLUT1
