02.13 - Transcription

Question 1

It is the process of synthesising RNA from a DNA template.

Answer 1

Transcription

Question 2

Which strand runs from the 3’–>5’ direction?

Answer 2

Template strand

Question 3

The synthesised RNA appears similar to what strand?

Answer 3

Coding strand

Question 4

Which of the following does not belong to the group?

a. Template strand
b. Anti-sense strand
c. Sense strand
d. Non-coding strand

Answer 4

c. Sense strand

Question 5

Promoter sequences are found in which region?

a. Upstream the coding strand
b. Upstream the template strand
c. Downstream the coding strand
d. None of the above

Answer 5

a. Upstream the coding strand

Question 6

What enzyme is responsible for transcription?

Answer 6

RNA polymerase

Question 7

Which subunit of RNA polymerase facilitates the assembly of subunits?

Answer 7

Alpha 1

Question 8

Which subunit of RNA polymerase serves as the promoter-binding site?

Answer 8

Alpha 2

Question 9

Which subunit of RNA polymerase has 5

–>3’ polymerase activity?

Answer 9

Beta

Question 10

Which subunit of RNA polymerase serves as the template-binding site?

Answer 10

Beta prime

Question 11

What are the two functions of the catalytic site of RNA polymerase?

Answer 11

Helicase activity

Addition of NTPs (polymerase activity)

Question 12

Which RNA polymerase subunit is in charge of stabilising the RNA molecule?

Answer 12

Omega

Question 13

What non-protein component increases the affinity of RNA polymerase for the promoter region?

Answer 13

Sigma factor

Question 14

This termination factor signals the end of transcription of termination factor-dependent termination.

Answer 14

Rho factor

Question 15

What are the three phases of prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription?

Answer 15

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

Question 16

What are the two sequences that are found in the promoter region of prokaryotes?

Answer 16

-35 sequence (5'-TTGACA-3')
Pribnow box (5'-TATAAT-3')

Question 17

Where is the Pribnow box located?

a. 35 bases to the left of the start of transcription
b. 35 bases upstream of the coding strand
c. 8 to 10 bases to the left of the start of transcription
d. 8 to 10 bases upstream of the coding strand
e. C and D

Answer 17

e. C and D

Question 18

During which phase is the sigma factor released?

Answer 18

Elongation

Question 19

Which of the following is true about RNA polymerase?

a. It does not require a primer.
b. It has inherent DNA-DNA helicase activity.
c. It has no nuclease activity.
d. All of the above.

Answer 19

d. All of the above.

Question 20

Rho-dependent termination is characterized or is associated with which of the following?

a. C-rich regions near the 3’ end
b. RNA-DNA helices activity
c. Hairpin turn
d. A and B

Answer 20

d. A and B

Question 21

Rho-independent termination is associated with which of the following?

a. C-rich regions
b. G-C rich regions
c. Weak U-A regions
d. B and C

Answer 21

d. B and C

Question 22

What drug suppresses the initiation step in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by binding to the beta subunits of RNA polymerase?

Answer 22

Rifampin

Question 23

What drug binds to the DNA-RNA complex which results in the inhibition of strand elongation?

Answer 23

Dactinomycin

Question 24

Acetylation of lysine residues is mediated by which enzyme?

Answer 24

Histone acetyltransferases

Question 25

The action of histone acetyltransferases results in what chromatin structure?

Answer 25

Euchromatin

Question 26

What enzyme restores the positive charge of lysine to increase its interaction with the chromatin strand?

Answer 26

Histone deacetyltransferases

Question 27

Restoration of the positive charge of lysine results in what chromatin structure?

Answer 27

Heterochromatin

Question 28

DNA methylation: a. Promotes transcription b. Inhibits mRNA production by blocking transcription factors c. Removes the positive charge from lysine d. Results in a polypeptide chain

Answer 28

b. Inhibits mRNA production by blocking transcription factors

Question 29

What are the two sequences found in the eukaryotic promoter region?

Answer 29

TATA Box or Goldberg-Hogness Box | CAAT Box

Question 30

Which of the following pertains to the CAAT Box? a. 5'-GGCCAATCT-3' b. 5'-ATATAAAA-3' c. -25 region d. -70 region e. A and D

Answer 30

e. A and D

Question 31

TATA Box is located in what region?

Answer 31

-25 region

Question 32

What is the equivalent of the alpha subunit in eukaryotic transcription?

Answer 32

TFIID

Question 33

What enzyme is responsible for the synthesis or large rRNA in the nucleolus?

Answer 33

RNA polymerase I

Question 34

What enzyme synthesises mRNA from a DNA template strand?

Answer 34

RNA polymerase II

Question 35

What enzyme produces tRNA?

Answer 35

RNA polymerase III

Question 36

Which RNA polymerase is strongly inhibited by alpha-amanitin?

Answer 36

RNA polymerase II

Question 37

Which RNA polymerase is inhibited by alpha-amanitin only in high concentration?

Answer 37

RNA polymerase III

Question 38

Which RNA polymerase i unaffected by alpha-amanitin?

Answer 38

RNA polymerase I

Question 39

True or False: Pre-rRNA undergoes modification through cleavage.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Which of the following are examples of tRNA modifications? a. Intron removal b. Trimming of 5' and 3' ends c. Addition of certain sequences at the 3' end d. Modification to unusual bases

Answer 40

All of the above

Question 41

What enzyme facilitates the addition of a 7-methyl-guanosine triphosphate cap?

Answer 41

Guanine-7-methyltransferase or guanylyltransferase

Question 42

What enzyme facilitates the addition of the poly-A tail?

Answer 42

Polyadenylate polymerase

Question 43

What is the function of 5' capping

Answer 43

Protection | Recognition

Question 44

What disease results from antibodies attacking snRNPs?

Answer 44

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Question 45

What disease results from aberrant splicing of the beta-globin mRNA?

Answer 45

Beta-thalassemia