02.1 Develpment Flashcards
How many kidney systems develop?
3 kidney systems develop.
What marks the onset of the sequential development of the next kidney system?
The disappearance of the previous system.
What is the first kidney system to develop?
Pronephros.
Is the pronephros functional in humans?
No.
It’s duct drives the next stage of development.
What is the cloaca?
The orifice that serves as the opening for the intestinal, urinary and reproductive tracts.
What do the mesonephric tubules and the mesonephric duct make up?
Embryonic kidney.
What induces the development of the definitive kidney?
Ureteric bud.
What part of the kidney does the ureteric bud form?
Collecting duct.
What part of the kidney does the metanephros form?
Parenchyma.
How does the kidney move from the pelvic region to its final position?
Undergoes an apparent caudal to cranial shift as the trunk of the foetus elongates.
Blood vessels form and recede as it “climbs” the aorta.
What is it called when a kidney fails to ascend?
Pelvic kidney.
What can happen when the kidneys become too close together during their ascent from the pelvis to the abdomen?
Horseshoe kidney. The kidneys fuse and get stuck under the inferior mesenteric artery.
What can lead to renal agenesis?
When the ureteric bud fails to interact with the metanephric cap.
How can a duplication defect occur with the kidneys?
Splitting of the ureteric bud, leads to double stimulation.
What can be a consequence of double stimulation of the kidneys?
Two ureters form at one kidney, this can cause an ectopic opening at the urethra or vagina which can cause incontinence.
What is oligohydroamnios?
The decrease in amniotic fluid volume sufficient to cause deformations to the foetus.
How does the urogenital sinus form?
Created by hind gut when the urorectal septum partitions the urogenital sinus from the rectum.
What is the urogenital sinus continuous with?
Umbillicus via the urachus.
What are the three parts to the urogenital sinus?
Phallic
Pelvic
Bladder
What forms the ureters in males and females?
Ureteric bud.
What forms the vas deferens in males?
Mesonephric duct.
What are the four parts to the male urethra and which part of the urogenital sinus does each originate from?
Preprostatic - pelvic part
Prostatic - pelvic part
Membranous - pelvic part
Spongy - phallic part
Which part of the urogenital sinus forms the female urethra?
Pelvic part.
What is hypospadias?
In males where the urethral folds don’t fuse so the urethra opens onto the ventral surface of the penis instead of at the end of the glans.
