02H1 - Early Languages

Question 1

What are the six (6) early languages?

Answer 1

1. Plankalkul
2. Pseudocodes
3. IBM 704 and Fortran
4. COBOL
5. LISP
6. Prolog

Question 2

It means program calculus

Answer 2

Plankalkul

Question 3

It was developed by Konrad Zuse

Answer 3

Plankalkul

Question 4

Includes mathematical expressions showing the relationships between program variables

Answer 4

Plankalkul

Question 5

Have their own interpretative system for execution

Answer 5

Pseudocodes

Question 6

Were implemented through compiling routines

Answer 6

Pseudocodes

Question 7

What are the three (3) notable pseudocodes?

Answer 7

1. Short Code
2. Speedcoding
3. The UNIVAC “Compiling” System

Question 8

The capabilities of IBM 704 prompted the development of …

Answer 8

Fortran

Question 9

The Fortran was derived from …

Answer 9

Formula Translation

Question 10

… is a general-purpose imperative programming language created for numeric computation and scientific computing

Answer 10

Fortran

Question 11

Computers had small memories and were slow and relatively unreliable

Answer 11

Fortran

Question 12

The primary use of computers was for scientific computations

Answer 12

Fortran

Question 13

There were no existing efficient and effective way to program computers

Answer 13

Fortran

Question 14

Because of the high cost of computers compared to the cost of programmers, the speed of the generated object code was the primary goal of the first …

Answer 14

Fortran compilers

Question 15

COBOL stands for

Answer 15

Common Business Oriented Language

Question 16

COBOL was developed by?

Answer 16

CODASYL Committee

Question 17

What year was COBOL was developed?

Answer 17

1960

Question 18

What is the full meaning of CODASYL

Answer 18

Conference on Data System Languages

Question 19

It is not designed for writing systems programs

Answer 19

COBOL

Question 20

Designed for developing business, typically file-oriented applications

Answer 20

COBOL

Question 21

What are the three characteristics of COBOL?

Answer 21

Self-documenting, Non-proprietary, Maintainable

Question 22

Stands for List Processor

Answer 22

LISP

Question 23

It was developed by John McCarthy in the 1950s

Answer 23

LISP

Question 24

First functional programming language that was intended to provide language features for list processing

Answer 24

LISP

Question 25

Used in applications for artificial intelligence

Answer 25

LISP

Question 26

2 Dialects of LISP

Answer 26

1. Scheme 2. Common LISP

Question 27

What are the two types of Data Structures in LISP?

Answer 27

1. Atoms 2. Lists

Question 28

similar to identifiers, but can also be numeric constants

Answer 28

Atoms

Question 29

can be lists of atoms, lists, or any combination of the two

Answer 29

Lists

Question 30

All computations are performed by applying functions to arguments

Answer 30

Functional Programming Style

Question 31

Uniform Representation of Data and Code

Answer 31

LISP

Question 32

Reliance on Recursion

Answer 32

LISP

Question 33

Garbage Collection

Answer 33

LISP

Question 34

Emerged in the mid-1970s. Invented by Guy Lewis Steele Jr. and Gerald Jay Sussman

Answer 34

Scheme

Question 35

Characterized by its small size, its treatments of functions as first-class entities, and its exclusive use of static scoping

Answer 35

Scheme

Question 36

A convention used with many programming languages that se the scope (range of functionality) of a variable so that it may only be referenced from within the block of code in which it is defined

Answer 36

Static Scoping

Question 37

What are the other term for Static Scoping?

Answer 37

Lexical Scoping

Question 38

Developed in the early 1980s

Answer 38

Common LISP

Question 39

Designed by combining the features of several dialects of LISP

Answer 39

Common LISP

Question 40

Allows both static scoping and dynamic scoping

Answer 40

Common LISP

Question 41

creates variables that can be called from outside the block of code in which they are defined

Answer 41

Dynamic Scoping

Question 42

Derived from Programming Logic

Answer 42

Prolog

Question 43

Designed by Alain Colmerauer, Phillippe Roussel, and Robert Cowalski in the early 1970s

Answer 43

Prolog

Question 44

... programs consists of collections of statements

Answer 44

Prolog

Question 45

Prolog programs consist of ...

Answer 45

collections of statements

Question 46

A method for specifying predicate calculus propositions

Answer 46

Prolog

Question 47

An implementation of a restricted form of resolution

Answer 47

Prolog