Data Types

Question 1

defines a collection of data values and a set of predefined operations on those values

Answer 1

data type

Question 2

Data types that are not defined in terms of other types are called

Answer 2

primitive data types

Question 3

The primitive data types of most imperative languages include …

Answer 3

numeric, Boolean, and character types

Question 4

has range of values that has only two (2) elements, one for true and one for false

Answer 4

Boolean data type

Question 5

is used to store only a single character. Examples of characters include letters, numerical digits, common punctuation marks, and whitespace

Answer 5

character data type

Question 6

Numeric type includes

Answer 6

Integer, floating-point data types, decimal data types

Question 7

is the most common primitive numeric data type

Answer 7

integer

Question 8

model real numbers, but the representations are only approximations of many real numbers.

Answer 8

floating-point data types

Question 9

store a fixed number of decimal digits, with the decimal point at a fixed position in value

Answer 9

decimal data types

Question 10

has values that consist of sequences of characters

Answer 10

character string (or string) type

Question 11

The most common string operations are? (5)

Answer 11

assignment, concatenation, substring reference, comparison, and pattern matching

Question 12

What are the three string length options? (3)

Answer 12

Static length string, Limited dynamic length string, Dynamic length string

Question 13

The length of string values can be fixed and set when the string is created

Answer 13

Static length string

Question 14

The length of string values can have varying length up to a declared and fixed maximum set by the variable’s definition.

Answer 14

Limited dynamic length string

Question 15

The length of string values can have varying length with no maximum

Answer 15

Dynamic length string

Question 16

consist of range of possible values that can be easily associated with the set of positive integers

Answer 16

ordinal type

Question 17

Two (2) user-defined ordinal types

Answer 17

1. Enumeration type
2. Subrange type

Question 18

is one in which all of the possible values, which are name constants, are provided, or enumerated, in the definition.

Answer 18

enumeration type

Question 19

represents a subset of the values in another ordinal type

Answer 19

subrange type

Question 20

is a container object that stores a fixed number of values of a single type

Answer 20

array

Question 21

The individual elements of an array are reference using a … or …

Answer 21

subscript or index

Question 22

Five (5) categories of arrays based on the binding to subscript ranges, the binding to storage, and from where the storage is allocated

Answer 22

1. Static array
2. Fixed stack-dynamic array
3. Stack-dynamic array
4. Fixed-heap dynamic array
5. Heap-dynamic array

Question 23

has subscript ranges that are statically bound and its storage allocation is static

Answer 23

static array

Question 24

has subscript ranges that are statically bound, but its allocation is done at declaration elaboration time during execution

Answer 24

fixed stack-dynamic array

Question 25

has subscript ranges and storage allocation that are both dynamically bound and can change during the array's lifetime multiple times

Answer 25

heap-dynamic array

Question 26

The most common array operations are

Answer 26

assignment, concatenation, comparison for equality and inequality, and slices

Question 27

is a multidimensional array in which all of the rows and columns have the same number of elements

Answer 27

rectangular array

Question 28

consists of rows with different number of elements

Answer 28

jagged array

Question 29

After extracting certain elements from an array, another array is produced called a ...

Answer 29

slice

Question 30

is an unordered collection of data elements that are indexed by an equal number of values called keys

Answer 30

associative array

Question 31

is a collection of data elements in which the individual elements are identified by names and accessed through offsets from the beginning of the structure

Answer 31

record

Question 32

is a data type that is similar to a record, except that the elements are not named

Answer 32

tuple

Question 33

represents are ordered sequence of values, which is usually not separated by any punctuation

Answer 33

list

Question 34

is a type whose variables may store different type of values at different times during program execution

Answer 34

union

Question 35

Unions in programs that are free from type checking are called ...

Answer 35

free unions

Question 36

Type checking of unions requires that each union construct include a type indicator. Such indicator is called a tag, or discriminant, and a union with a discriminant is called a ...

Answer 36

discriminated union

Question 37

is one in which the variables have a range of values that consists of memory addresses and a special value called nil

Answer 37

pointer type

Question 38

The .. value is not a valid address and is used to indicate that a pointer cannot currently be used to reference a memory cell

Answer 38

nil

Question 39

A pointer can be used to access a location in an area where storage is dynamically allocated called a ...

Answer 39

heap

Question 40

Variables that are dynamically allocated form the heap are called ...

Answer 40

heap-dynamic variables

Question 41

Variables without names are called ...

Answer 41

anonymous variables

Question 42

Two (2) fundamental pointer operations

Answer 42

1. Assignment 2. Deferencing

Question 43

variable that refers to an object or a value is memory

Answer 43

reference type

Question 44

is the activity of ensuring that the operands of an operator are of compatible types

Answer 44

type checking

Question 45

The process automatically converting an operator is called a ...

Answer 45

coercion

Question 46

is the application of an operator to an operand of an inappropriate type

Answer 46

type error

Question 47

Type checking at run time is called ...

Answer 47

dynamic type checking

Question 48

A programming language is ... if type errors are always detected.

Answer 48

strongly typed

Question 49

means that two (2) types are equivalent if an operand of one (1) type in an expression is substituted for one of the other type, without coercion.

Answer 49

type equivalence

Question 50

two (2) approaches to defining type equivalence are

Answer 50

1. name type equivalence 2. structure type equivalence

Question 51

two (2) fundamental pointer operations

Answer 51

1. Assignment 2. Dereferencing

Question 52

sets a pointer variable's value to some useful address

Answer 52

Assignment

Question 53

takes a reference through one (1) level of indirection

Answer 53

Dereferencing

Question 54

variable refers to an object or a value is memory

Answer 54

reference type