03 - BIOCULTURAL AND SOCIAL EVOLUTION Flashcards
(30 cards)
Study of ancient humans. It is an interdisciplinary branch of Anthropology concerned with the origins and development of early humans.
Paleanthropology
Study of material pasts using human remains - can be any objects people created, modified, or used.
Archaeology
Archaeologists look for fossils only and not artifacts. True or False?
False. Archaeologists look for BOTH fossils and artifacts.
Our ancestors were little more than bipedal apes confined to African Regions. Around how many years ago did this happen?
Around 5 million years ago
New locomotor strategy during the earliest hominin lineage.
Bipedalism
Humans are uniquely characterized by their dependence on culture, a shared and socially transmitted behavior act. True or False?
True.
Humans do not possess a complex culture that involves cognitive, political, social, and economic components. True or False?
False. Humans possess a complex culture that involves cognitive, political, social, and economic components.
Cultural Development in hominins is traced back around how many years?
2.6 million years
It allowed early humans to carry objects as cognitive abilities advanced, and communication, learning tools, and social structures evolved.
Bipedalism
Oldest known stone tool industry, dating back to 2.5 million years. These tools are a significant milestone in human evolutionary history.
Oldowan
The Oldowan is manufactured by..?
Homo habilis
Where was the Oldowan first discovered?
Olduvai, Gorge in Tanzania
(yet many have been recovered in eastern, central, and southern Africa, the oldest of which is a site at Gona, Ethiopia
Stone cres with flakes removed from part of a surface, creating a sharpened edge for: cutting, chopping, scraping, cutting plants, butchering animals
Choppers
Emerged from Africa around 1.6 million years ago. It consists of bifacial hand axes and cleavers, which were more specialized and transported over long distances.
Achulean
Often associated with Neanderthals, who lived in the cultural period known as middle paleolithic. It is located in Europe, North America, and Central Asia. It is then used for: skinning and paring meat, hunting, woodworking, and hafting.
Mousterian
Cultural period showing many technological innovations, such as developing sophisticated cave art and very elaborate burials in grave goods.
Upper Paleolithic (Chatelperronian, Arignacian, Gravettinian, Soluterean, Magdalenian)
The Upper Paleolithic can be found in which countries?
Eurasia, Africa, and Indonesia
A group of people sharing culture and territory, interacting more with each other than outsiders and working together to achieve common goals.
Society
Shared beliefs and values hold people together. Here, members of the premodern societies think the same way, and everyone fulfills their expected social positions.
Mechanical Solidarity
Societies with specialized and interdependent social positions are held together. Here, society becomes complex through increasingly complex division of labor and changes in how people carry out necessary tasks for survival.
Organic Solidarity
He theorized that society changes overtime. He classified societies into 5 types.
Gerhard Lenski’s Perspective
1st type of society emerged into 30,000-40,000 years ago. Hunts wild animals and gather plants for food using basic tools. Small Nomadic Groups with no permanent settlements. There is NO SOCIAL INEQUALITY; resources are shared with all members.
Hunting and Gathering
Around 12,000 years ago, domestication of animals and plant cultivation led to societal change. Accumulation of surplus material started, resulting in specialization and social inequality.
Horicultural and Pastoral
Pastoral is still Nomadic; Horicultural showed first human settlement. True or False?
True.
