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Anatomy 1 > 03 histology > Flashcards

03 histology Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

What are the four types of tissue in the human body?

A

muscle tissue
nervous tissue
epithelial (covering) tissue
connective tissue

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2
Q

What are the kinds of connective tissue?

A

periarticular connective tissue
loose (fat) tissue
reticular tissue

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3
Q

What are the three kinds of periarticular connective tissue?

A

dense connective tissue
cartilage
bones

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4
Q

what are the three components of periarticular connective tissue?

A

Fibrous Proteins
Ground Substance (or Extracellular matrix)
Cells

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5
Q

which fibrous proteins are always present in periarticular C.T.?

A

Collagen type 1
Collagen type 2
Elastin

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6
Q

with all three fibrous proteins always present in periarticular C.T., what differentiates one from another?

A

the ratio of the fibrous proteins, Collagen types 1 & 2 and Elastin

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7
Q

Which fibrous protein has very little stretch, is stiff & strong, and is binding and supporting?

A

Collagen type 1

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8
Q

which fibrous protein has less tensile strength, creates a framework for general shape, and provides internal strength?

A

Collagen type 2

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9
Q

which fibrous protein has net-like fibrils, resists tensile forces/stretch, allows deformation, and returns rapidly to its shape?

A

Elastin

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10
Q

What are the properties of Collagen type 1?

A

little stretch
stiff & strong
binding & supporting

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11
Q

what are the properties of collagen type 2?

A

less tensile strength
creates a framework or general shape
provides internal strength

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12
Q

what are the properties of elastin?

A

net-like fibrils
resists tensile forces/stretch
allows deformation
returns rapidly to its shape

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13
Q

What is Ground Substance made up of?

A

GAGs
water
solutes

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14
Q

what does GAGs stand for?

A

Glycosaminoglycans

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15
Q

what are the properties of GAGs (Glycosaminoglycans)?

A

repeating polysaccharids
highly negatively charged (creating 3D space)
hydrophillic (attracting water up to 50x their weight)
fluid medium for nutrients

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16
Q

describe the interplay between GAGs and fibrous proteins (collagen & elastin)

A

GAGs increase swelling while the fibers limit swelling and create structure.

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17
Q

What are the three types of cells?

A

-blast
-cyte
-clast

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18
Q

-blast

A

formation, building cells

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19
Q

-cyte

A

mature cells, maintenance

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20
Q

-clast

A

breaking down

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21
Q

innervation

A

the nerve supply

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22
Q

vascularization

A

growing blood vessels

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23
Q

What is the function of Dense Connective Tissue?

A

resist tension
protect
transfer force

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24
Q

what is the main cellular makeup of Dense connective tissue?

A

Fibroblast
-cyte
-clast

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25
which fibrous proteins are in abundance in dense connective tissue?
Collagen type 1
26
what is the consistency of the ground substance in dense connective tissue?
jelly consistency moderate amount of GAGs
27
which type of connective tissue has low vascularization, or limited blood supply?
Dense Connective Tissue
28
describe irregular dense connective tissue
the fibrous proteins within the ground substance are arranged irregularly, or more unorganized and web-like. this can withstand stress from multiple directions.
29
Which dense connective tissues are irregular?
joint capsule
30
which dense connective tissue can withstand stress from multiple directions?
irregular dense connective tissue
31
which dense connective tissues are regular?
tendons ligaments
32
describe regular dense connective tissue
fibrous proteins are arranged in a clear direction and parallel to each other. this can withstand force in a specific direction restrains undesirable motion (immediate passive resistive force)
33
which dense connective tissue can withstand force in a specific direction?
regular dense connective tissue
34
which dense connective tissue provides immediate passive resistive force?
regular dense connective tissue
35
what is the main cellular makeup of bone tissue?
osteoblast -cyte -clast
36
what is the consistency of the ground substance of bone tissue
salt crystals mainly hard abundance of minerals moderate GAGs
37
which connective tissue has very rich innervation, high vascularization?
bone tissue
38
what is the function of bone tissue?
structural support muscle attachment lever arm
39
what happens to the consistency of the bone if the bone tissue lacks minerals?
the bone is like rubber
40
what happens to the consistency of the bone if the bone tissue lacks collagen?
the bone is brittle
41
which connective tissue provides structural support of the human skeleton?
bone tissue
42
which connective tissue provides attachment for other tissue?
bone tissue
43
what is the function of articular cartilage?
distribute force reduce friction
44
what is the main cellular makeup of articular cartilage?
chondroblast -cyte -clast
45
what is the consistency of the ground substance of articular cartilage?
rubber consistency moderate GAGs
46
which fibrous protein is abundant in bone tissue?
Collagen T1
47
which fibrous protein is abundant in articular cartilage?
collagen T2
48
which connective tissue has no innervation or vascularization?
articular cartilage
49
which connective tissue is a type of hyaline cartilage?
articular cartilage
50
what is hyaline cartilage?
a slippery and smooth cartilage which helps bones and joints move smoothly
51
which connective tissue lacks perichondrium?
articular cartilage fibrocartilage
52
what is a perichondrium?
a layer of protective tissue which covers most cartilage, and provides nutrient supply
53
which connective tissue has no direct nutrient supply and therefore lacks repair after severe damage? (lacking fibroblasts)
articular cartilage fibrocartilage
54
how are articular cartilage cells nourished?
through synovial fluid through loading a joint
55
what is the friction of articular cartilage?
5 to 20x less than ice sliding on ice
56
what is the function of fibrocartilage?
*multi-directional force transmission support/stabilize dissipate load guide movements ## Footnote *correct answer from quiz
57
what is the main cellular makeup of fibrocartilage?
chondroblast -cyte -clast fibroblast -cyte -clast
58
what is the consistency of the ground substance of fibrocartilage?
hard rubber low amount of GAGs
59
which fibrous proteins are abundant in fibrocartilage?
collagen T1
60
which connective tissue has some innervation and vascularization in the outer layer?
fibrocartilage
61
what makes up fibrocartilage?
a mix of dense connective tissue and articular cartilage
62
the meniscus, larum, and intervertebral disks are ...
fibrocartilage
63
which connective tissue provides shock absorption and tensile strength?
fibrocartilage
64
describe the collagen structure of fibrocartilage
dense network of collagen can withstand multi-directional force
65
this connective tissue has a poor healing capacity in its inner layers
fibrocartilage
66
this connective tissue is avascular and aneural (no pain or proprioception)
fibrocartilage
67
how are fibrocartilage cells nourished?
through synovial fluid through loading of the joint

Anatomy 1 (3 decks)

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