03. Linux Philosophy and Concepts Flashcards
By the end of this chapter, you should be able to: Discuss the history and philosophy of Linux. Describe the Linux community. Define the common terms associated with Linux. Discuss the components of a Linux distribution. (26 cards)
What is the Linux Philosophy?
Linux borrows heavily from the well-established family of UNIX operating systems. It was written to be a free and open source alternative; at the time
What does a distro consist of?
A full Linux distribution consists of the kernel plus a number of other software tools for file-related operations
What are the Linux distros that have community support and services?
Ubuntu
What are the Linux distros that have commercial support and services?
Red Hat Enterprise Linux
_____ is an open source computer operating system, initially developed on and for Intel x86-based personal computers
Linux
In ______ , Linux was re-licensed using the General Public License (GPL) by GNU , which enabled it to build a worldwide community of developers.
1992
a project of the Free Software Foundation or FSF, which promotes freely available software
GNU
In _____ , major companies like IBM and Oracle announced their support for the Linux platform and began major development efforts as well.
1998
The Linux distributions created in the ______
mid-90s
Linux Philosophy
It was written to be a free and open source alternative; at the time, UNIX was designed for computers much more powerful than PCs, and furthermore, it was quite expensive.
Linux Philosophy (Technically)
- Files are stored in a hierarchical filesystem, with the top node of the system being the root or simply “/”.
- Whenever possible, Linux makes its components available via files or objects that look like files.
- Processes, devices, and network sockets are all represented by file-like objects and can often be worked with using the same utilities used for regular files.
- Linux is a fully multitasking,
- multiuser operating system
- built-in networking and service processes known as daemons in the UNIX world.
List some of the open-source products you probably use day to day.
- Android
- Apache Web Server (httpd)
- Social media
- Search engines
- Weather forecasting
- Personal fitness devices
- DVRs
- Medical devices
computer software whose source code is made available for public access, allowing anyone to use, modify, and distribute it
Open-source software (OSS)
Glue between hardware and application
Kernel, for example Linux Kernel
A collection of software making up Linux based OS
Distribution
A program that boots the OS
Example: example (GRUB, ISOLINUX)
Boot loader
A program that runs as a background process
Example: httpd, nfsd, ntpd, ftpd and named
Service
Method for storing and organizing files
Example: ext3, ext4, FAT, XFS, NTFS and Btrfs
Filesystem
The X Window System provides the standard toolkit and protocol to build a graphical user interface or nearly all Linux systems.
X Window System
Graphical user interface on top of the operating system
Example: GNOME, KDE, Xfce and Fluxbox
Desktop envirnment
An interface for typing commands on top of the operating system
Command line
A command line interpreter that interprets the command line input and instructs the operating system to perform any necessary tasks and commands.
Example: Bash, tcsh and zsh
Shell
A _________ consists of the kernel plus a number of other software tools for file-related operations, user management, and software package management
Full Linux distribution
Linux accesses many features and services through __________________.
files and file-like objects
