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00-01-16: GI Disorders > 03 - stomach disorders > Flashcards

03 - stomach disorders Flashcards

1
Q

(vomiting)

  1. vomitus consists of contents from where?
  2. projectile vomiting usually indicates what?
  3. vomiting of undigested food more than 12 hours after eating suggests what?
A
  1. stomach and duodenum
  2. gastric outlet or upper small bowel obstruction
  3. delayed gastric emptying
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2
Q

(vomiting)

  1. use what contrast for contrast studies if perforation is suspected?
A
  1. aqeous iodide
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3
Q

(vomiting)

1-3. 3 principles of symptomatic and supportive treatment?

A
  1. fluid therapy (IV best)
  2. withhold food for 12-24 hours -> highly digestible -> back to normal
  3. anti-emetics (phenothiazines, metoclopramide, butorphanol)
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4
Q

(acute gastritis)

common, usually mild and self-limiting

1-4. 4 causes?

A
  1. foreign body -> mechanical irritation
  2. dietary indescretion
  3. irritants
  4. drugs
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5
Q

(acute gastritis)

  1. Cx include acute onset of nausea and vomiting
  2. dx supported by response by therapy in how many days?
  3. tx?
A
  1. 1-2
  2. underlying cause, withhold food then bland, consider anti-emetic
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6
Q

(gastric foreign bodies)

  1. gastric FB more common in dogs, linear more common in cats
  2. most common Cx?
  3. what should be considered in all animals with acute vomiting?
A
  1. acute onset vomiting

(some may present with chronic vomiting, also signs relating to FB zinc or lead)

  1. gastric FB!
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7
Q

(gastroduodenal ulceration and bleeding)

  1. what 2 drugs cause?
  2. what 4 conditions?
  3. what 1 endocrine dz?
  4. what 3 cancers?
  5. what behavior?
A
  1. NSAIDS, glucocorticoids
  2. chronic gastritis, hepatic disease (mucosal blood flow), renal failure, neurologic disease
  3. hypoadrenocorticism
  4. gastric neoplasia, mast cell tumors, gastrinoma
  5. stress
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8
Q

(gastroduodenal ulceration and bleeding)

  1. Cx?
A
  1. anorexia, vomiting, hematemesis, abdominal pain, weight loss
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9
Q

(gastroduodenal ulceration and bleeding)

(dx)

  1. look at drug hx
  2. lab eval may show what that would suggest chronic blood loss?
  3. what is indicated if perforation is suspected?
  4. endoscopy or laparotomy may be useful
A
  1. regenerative anemia or microcytic hypochromic anemia
  2. abdominocentesis
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10
Q

(gastroduodenal ulceration and bleeding)

  1. tx?
A
  1. H2 blockers and sucralfate
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11
Q

(Chronic Gastritis)

(lymphocytic-plasmacytic gastritis)

  1. a common histologic diagnosis
A
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12
Q

(Chronic Gastritis)

(lymphocytic-plasmacytic gastritis)

  1. idopathic chronic gastritis usually attributed to what 3 things?
A
  1. dietary allergy, occult parasitism, reation to bacterial antigens
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13
Q

(Chronic Gastritis)

(lymphocytic-plasmacytic gastritis)

1-4. 4 infectious causes?

A
  1. physaloptera, ollulanus tricuspis (cats), pythium insidiosum (dogs), helicobacter

(also enterogastric reflux or chronic mucosal irritation…)

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14
Q

(Chronic Gastritis)

(lymphocytic-plasmacytic gastritis)

  1. Cx include intermittent vomiting
  2. vomiting associated with eating?
A
  1. not consistently
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15
Q

(Chronic Gastritis)

(lymphocytic-plasmacytic gastritis)

  1. dx method of choice?
A
  1. endoscopy
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16
Q

(chronic gastritis)

(eosinophilic gastritis and granuloma)

  1. this is usually diffuse
  2. same clinical signs and stuff as the lymphocytic one
A
17
Q

(chronic gastritis)

(therapy)

  1. treat underlying
  2. dietary trial with what kind of food?
  3. H2 blockers/promotiliy drugs may be indicated
  4. what may be used if there is no response to dietary trial or H2 blockers?
  5. what if helicobacter?
A
  1. easily digestible, fat restricted, carb based diet with a novel protein source (feed frequent small meals)
  2. prednisolone or azathioprine
  3. abx
18
Q

(gastric outflow obstruction)

  1. causes include FB, chronic hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy, congenital pyloric stenosis, pyloric mass, gastric dilatation-volvulus, or extrinsic compression
A
19
Q

(gastric outflow obstruction)

  1. Cx?
A
  1. projectile vomiting of undigested food, abdominal distension, belching, weight loss
20
Q

(gastric outflow obstruction)

(diagnosis)

  1. labs unremarkable unless really bad -> then see what?
A
  1. hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia, metabolic alkalosis
21
Q

(gastric outflow obstruction)

  1. what is the definitive tx?
A
  1. sx
22
Q

(gastric motility disorders)

A
23
Q

(gastric motility disorders)

  1. Cx simliar to what other disorder?
A
  1. gastric outflow obstruction
24
Q

(gastric motility disorders)

  1. treat underlying cause.
  2. feed what kind of diet?
A
  1. low in fat and high in digestible carbohydrate, small amounts frequently

(use promotility drugs as needed)

25
Q

(hypertrophic gastropathy)

  1. cause unknown in most cases. Possible causes include stress in small breed dogs, chronic irritation from aspirin therapy, or hypergastrinemia
  2. surgical excision may be necessary to relieve outflow obstruction.
A
26
Q

(gastric neoplasia)

  1. most common in dogs? in cats?
  2. 2 that are less common
  3. what are the second most common gastric tumors in dogs?
A
  1. adenocarcinoma, lymphoma
  2. leiomyosarcoma and fibrosarcoma
  3. leiomyomas

(benign adenomatous polyps occur infrequently in dogs and cats)

27
Q

(gastric neoplasia)

  1. Cx?
A
  1. vomiting, hematemesis, anorexia, wt loss

if benign maybe nothing unless obstruction occurs

28
Q

(gastric neoplasia)

  1. most useful diagnostics?
A
  1. radiography and endoscopy
29
Q

(gastric neoplasia)

  1. treatment of choice?
A
  1. removal by partial gastrectomy (with chemo if indicated)
30
Q

(gastric dilatation-volvulus)

  1. GDV causes complete obstruction of gastric outflow, which impairs venous return thorugh what?

causing what?

A
  1. vena cava

hypovolemic and endotoxic shock

31
Q

(gastric dilatation-volvulus)

cause unknown

  1. what dogs are predisposed?
A
  1. older, large breed, deep chested dogs

risk factors: genetics, lean body conformation, rapid eating, eating from raised bowl, eating one meal daily, exercise or stress after a meal, fearful temperment

32
Q

(GDV)

  1. Cx?
A
  1. acute abdominal distension, nonproductive retching, salivating, resp distress
33
Q

(GDV)

  1. common lab abnormals?
A
  1. hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis
34
Q

(GDV)

  1. see enlargement of what organ (other than stomach)
A
  1. spleen
35
Q

(GDV)

A
36
Q

(GDV)

  1. prevention involves feeding frequent, small portions of food, and restricting exercise and access to water for 1 hour after eating
A

00-01-16: GI Disorders (12 decks)

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