04 - intestinal disorders

Question 1

(diarrhea)

1. acute vs chronic diarrhea (duration)?

Answer 1

1. acute has sudden onset, duration of 3 weeks or less
2. chronic persists 4 weeks or longer, or has episodic recurrence

Question 2

small bowel vs large bowel diarrhea

Answer 2

Question 3

(diagnostic approach for diarrhea)

1. check hx, px, lab tests, fecal exam, imaging, endoscopy, laparotomy

Question 4

(diarrhea)

(serum folate)

1. decreased when?
2. increased when?

(serum cobalamin)

3. decrased when?

Answer 4

1. impaired absorption in proximal SI
2. overproliferation of normal intestinal flora or EPI
3. impaired absoprtion in distal SI, bacterial overgrowth, EPI

Question 5

(nonspecific tx of diarrhea)

1. food for acute?

Answer 5

1. restrict food intake for 24 hours -> give bland, low fat foods in small amounts -> gradually introduce normal diet

Question 6

(nonspecific tx of diarrhea)

1. dietary mgmt of chronic?

Answer 6

1. give 3-4 meals a day, and use appropriate diets for condition

Question 7

(nonspecific tx of diarrhea)

1. fluids to correct dehydration
2. anti-diarrheal drugs - what 2?
3. what to treat giardia/nematodes?
4. what for IBD?
5. for chronic colitis?

Answer 7

2. loperamide or diphenoxylate
3. fenbendazole
4. corticosteroids
5. NSAIDs

Question 8

1. what drug has been associated with hemorrhagic gastroenterocolitis in dogs?

Answer 8

1. dexamethasone

(many meds can cause diarrhea!)

Question 9

(Intestinal parasites: helminths)

(ascarids)

1. most prevalent intestinal parasite of dogs?

of cats?

Answer 9

1. toxocora canis

toxocora cati

Question 10

(Intestinal parasites: helminths)

(ascarids)

1. Toxocora canis routes of infection?
2. T. cati routes of infection?

Answer 10

1. transplacental, milk-borne, ingestion of infected eggs
2. same as canis minus transplacental

Question 11

(Intestinal parasites: helminths)

(ascarids - toxocara)

1. Cx most often in what?
2. what are they?

Answer 11

1. puppies and kittens
2. abdominal discomfort, potbelly, stunted growth, diarrhea

(intestinal obstruction by masses of worms or lung migration are rare)

Question 12

(Intestinal parasites: helminths)

(ascarids - toxocara)

1. dx how?
2. tx?
3. can cause what in humans?

Answer 12

1. fecal
2. pyrantel pamoate
3. visceral larval migrans

Question 13

(Intestinal parasites: helminths)

(hookworms)

1. most common in dog?
2. in cat?

Answer 13

1. ancylostoma caninum (bloodsucker!)
2. ancylostoma tubaeformae (feeds on tissue!)

Question 14

Question 15

(Intestinal parasites: helminths)

(hookworms)

1. routes of infection?

Answer 15

1. prenatal, milk-borne, ingestion/skin pentration by infective larvae

Question 16

(Intestinal parasites: helminths)

(hookworms)

1. Cx associated mostly with blood sucking activity - causing what?

Answer 16

1. melena, bloody diarrhea, pallor, emaciation, dehydration

Question 17

(Intestinal parasites: helminths)

(hookworms)

1. dx?
2. tx?

Answer 17

1. fecal float
2. pyrantel pamoate (best for pups), fenbendazole, or febantel

Question 18

(Intestinal parasites: helminths)

(whipworms)

1. most common type in dogs?
2. attaches and feeds where?

Answer 18

1. trichuris vulpis
2. colonic and cecal mucosa -> colitis and tyhplitis

Question 19

(Intestinal parasites: helminths)

(whipworms: trichuris vulpis)
1. infection by?

Answer 19

1. ingestion of ova (can be in environment for 4-5 years)

Question 20

(Intestinal parasites: helminths)

(whipworms: trichuris vulpis)
1. what type of diarrhea can it cause?

Answer 20

1. large bowel

Question 21

(Intestinal parasites: helminths)

(whipworms: trichuris vulpis)
1. dx?
2. tx?

Answer 21

1. ova on fecal float
2. fenbendazole or febantel

Question 22

(Intestinal parasites: helminths)

(whipworms: Strongyloides)
1. strongyloides stercoralis resides where in what?
2. strongyloides tumefaciens resides where in what?

Answer 22

1. proximal SI in dogs
2. LI in cats

Question 23

(Intestinal parasites: helminths)

(whipworms: Strongyloides)
1. what gets passed in feces?

Answer 23

1. larva

Question 24

(Intestinal parasites: helminths)

(whipworms: Strongyloides)
1. stercolaris may cause what in pups?

Answer 24

1. acute hemorrhagic enteritis

(tumefaciens usually causes nothing)

Question 25

(Intestinal parasites: helminths) (whipworms: Strongyloides) 1. dx? 2. tx?

Answer 25

1. fecal float 2. fenbendazole, diethylcarbamazine, pyrantel pamoate

Question 26

(Intestinal parasites: helminths) (tapeworms) 1. most common tapeworm in dogs and cats? 2. what are the intermediate hosts?

Answer 26

1. dipylidium caninum 2. fleas and lice

Question 27

(Intestinal parasites: helminths) (tapeworms) 1. most infections are asymptomatic what might you see though? 2. dx? 3. tx?

Answer 27

1. mild decline in BCS or anal pruritis 2. proglottids in feces 3. praziquantel. control fleas and lice