04 Framework and Principles Behind our Moral Disposition

Question 1

It is the branch of ethics that studies the nature of morality.

Answer 1

Meta-ethics

Question 2

This states that moral judgements convey propositions; that is, they are “truth bearers”, or they are either true or false.

Answer 2

Cognitivism

Question 3

This claims that the existence of moral facts and the truth (or falsity) of moral judgements are independent of people’s thoughts and perception.

Answer 3

Moral Realism

Question 4

It hold that the truth (or falsity) of ethical propositions is dependent on the attitudes and standards of a person or group of persons

Answer 4

Ethical Subjectivism

Question 5

This denies that moral judgements are either true or false.

Answer 5

Non-cognitivism

Question 6

It is the most popular form of non-cognivist theory.

Answer 6

Emotivism

Question 7

It theorizes that moral facts and principles apply to everybody in all places.

Answer 7

Moral Universalism

Question 8

It submits that different moral facts and principles apply to different groups or individuals.

Answer 8

Moral Relativism

Question 9

It states that moral facts are known thorough observation and experience.

Answer 9

Moral empiricism

Question 10

It contends that moral facts are principles are knowable a priori, that is, by reason alone and without reference to experience.

Answer 10

Moral rationalism

Question 11

It states that moral truths are knowable by an institution, that is, by direct, intuitive knowledge without reference to experience.

Answer 11

Moral institutionalism

Question 12

It studies how humans ought to act, morally, speaking. It examines that ethical norms, that is, those guidelines about what is right, worthwhile, virtuous, or just.

Answer 12

Normative Ethics

Question 13

What are the three (3) classifications of normative ethical theories?

Answer 13

Deontology
Teleology
Virtue ethics

Question 14

It is an ethical system that bases morality on independent moral rules or duties.

Answer 14

Deontology

Question 15

It refers to a moral system that determines the moral values of actions by their outcomes or results.

Answer 15

Teleology

Question 16

As a moral system, emphasizes developing good habits of character, like kindness and generosity, and avoiding bad character traits, or vices, such as greed or hatred.

Answer 16

Virtue ethics

Question 17

Philosophically examines specific, controversial moral issues.

Answer 17

Applied ethics

Question 18

Concerns ethical issues about life, biomedical researches, medicines, health care, and the medical profession.

Answer 18

Bioethics

Question 19

Deals with moral issues concerning nature, ecosystem, and its non-human contents.

Answer 19

Environmental ethics

Question 20

This examines moral principles concerning the business environment, which involves issues about corporate practices, policies, business behaviors, and the conduct and relationships of individuals in the organizations.

Answer 20

Business ethics

Question 21

This studies moral issues about sexuality and human sexual behavior.

Answer 21

Sexual ethics

Question 22

This deals with what is right for a society to do and how it should act as a whole.

Answer 22

Social ethics

Question 23

Is a moral philosophy that teaches an action is right if it is an action that a virtuous person would perform in the same situations.

Answer 23

Virtue ethics

Question 24

What are at least two (2) of Aristotle’s works tat mainly concern morality?

Answer 24

Eudemian ethics
Nicomachean ethics

Question 25

This focuses on happiness (eudaimonia) and how to obtain it.

Answer 25

Eudemian Ethics

Question 26

It is mostly on what we should do, virtue ethics is interested basically in what we should be, that is, the character or the sort of person we should struggle to become.

Answer 26

Nicomachean Ethics

Question 27

It is an end or purpose.

Answer 27

Telos

Question 28

It is the inquiry into the human good.

Answer 28

Ethics

Question 29

He is also called the Angelic Doctor and the Prince of Scholastics.

Answer 29

Thomas Aquinas

Question 30

It means an ordinance of reason for the common good promulgated by someone who has care of the community.

Answer 30

The Natural Law

Question 31

What are the four (4) primary types of law?

Answer 31

Eternal law Natural law Human law Divine law

Question 32

He categorically rejects that ethical judgements are based on feelings.

Answer 32

Kant

Question 33

This ethical theory bases moral judgements on reason alone.

Answer 33

Kantian Ethics

Question 34

He proposed the principle of rights.

Answer 34

Immanuel Kant

Question 35

It is the notion that for a society to be productive, the government must approach the making and enforcement of laws with the right intentions with respect to the end goals of the society that it governs.

Answer 35

Principle of rights theory

Question 36

This concept states that "there are some rights, both positive and negative, that all humans have based only on the fact that they are human."

Answer 36

Rights-based Ethics

Question 37

It denotes all the rights found within existing legal codes.

Answer 37

Legal rights

Question 38

These are rights that exist before and independently from their legal counterparts.

Answer 38

Moral rights

Question 39

Also known as a consequentialist theory, a subclass of teleological moral theory

Answer 39

Utilitarianism

Question 40

The principle of utility is applied directly to every alternative act in a situation of choice.

Answer 40

Act Utilitarianism

Question 41

The principle of utility is used to decide the validity of rules of conduct (moral standards or principles).

Answer 41

Rule Utilitarianism

Question 42

It concerns political institutions. This means that everybody has the same fundamental liberties which can never be taken away.

Answer 42

The Liberty Principle

Question 43

These are concerned with social and economic institutions. The Second Principle recognizes that a society could not avoid inequalities among its people.

Answer 43

Fair Equality of Opportunity and The Difference Principle

Question 44

This concept concerns the nature of a socially just allocation of goods in a society.

Answer 44

Distributive Justice

Question 45

What are the common types of distributive norms? (6)

Answer 45

Equity Equality Power Need Responsibility Distributive Justice

Question 46

Members’ outcomes should be based upon their inputs. Members of large groups prefer to base allocations of rewards and costs on equity.

Answer 46

Equity

Question 47

Regardless of their inputs, all group members should be given an equal share of the rewards/costs.

Answer 47

Equality

Question 48

Those with more authority, status, or control over the group should receive more than those in lower-level positions.

Answer 48

Power

Question 49

Those with more authority, status, or control over the group should receive more than those in lower-level positions.

Answer 49

Need

Question 50

Group members who have the most should share their resources with those who have less.

Answer 50

Responsibility

Question 51

It is defined as perceived fairness of how rewards and costs are shared by, or distributed across, group members.

Answer 51

Distributive justice