04 Stimulants Flashcards by Tracey Fleming

Stimulant list
CNC
AMMM(e)

Caffeine
Nicotine
Cocaine
*
Amphetamines
Methamphetamine
Methylphenidate
MDMA (Ecstasy)

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Methylphenidate
Brand names (3) and use

Concerta, Ritalin
= Methylphenidate

Adderall
= Amphetamine

for ADHD

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MDMA chemical name?

3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine

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What are they?
C
Increase x 3

Class of drug that elevate mood
Increase 
– feelings of well-being
– energy
– alertness

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Cocaine, what are the 2 forms?

powder and crystallized

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Powder cocaine is a?

Made from?

a hydrochloride salt

made from the leaf of the Erythroxylum coca plant

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Crack is the smokable form of cocaine.

How is it made?

Processed with ammonia or baking soda and water, and heated to remove the hydrochloride

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Nicknames for powder cocaine?

, candy, Charlie,
Speedball:

coke, C, snow, flake, blow, bump

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Nicknames for crystallized cocaine?

How is it smoked?

rock and crack for the smokeable form (name came from the crackling sound)
In a glass pipe

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What is a speedball?

cocaine or crack combined with heroin
or
crack and heroin smoked together

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How is cocaine used? (3)

Snorted in powder form, through the nostrils, where the drug is absorbed into the bloodstream through the nasal tissues
*
Injected, using a needle and syringe, to release the drug directly into the vein
*
Heated in crystal form and smoked inhaled into the lungs

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What do street dealers to with cocaine?

Dilute it with cornstarch, talcum power or sugar

or with other drugs!

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how is Powder cocaine is usually used? (3)

Powder cocaine is usually
– snorted
– injected (mainlining)
or can be rubbed into mucous tissues i.e. gums.

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What does snorting cocaine do?

produces a high that is less intense but lasts longer

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What does injecting or smoking cocaine do?

Why?

produces a rapid high (rush)

because it is absorbed in the blood stream quickly, intensifying its effects

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Cocaine mechanism of action
Not…
Also inhibit…

Dopamine reuptake inhibitor - occupies receptor on cell surface normally used by the brain chemical that would transport dopamine back to its source neuron. Not selective. Also inhibits 5HT reuptake.

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Describe dopamine

Neurotransmitter similar to adrenaline

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What does dopamine affect?

AME

brain process that control
– ability to experience pleasure and pain
– movement
– emotional response

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Dopamine plays a role in?

our mental and physical health

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Where are (I guess) cells that produce dopamine located?

Clustered in midbrain called substantia nigra

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Parkinson’s disease =

little to no dopamine (give L-DOPA)

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Schizophrenia =

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excess dopamine

Cocaine increases dopamine by preventing dopamine reuptake, leaving more dopamine in the synapse the other is…?

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methylphenidate (Ritalin)

Cocaine binds to the reuptake site in the presynaptic neuron. Consequently…
(3)

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Does not allow dopamine to recycle.
Dopamine builds up and floods the synaptic gap.
*
Flood ends after about 30 min. and the person is left yearning to feel as he or she once did.

Repeated use of coke =

tolerance

Amphetamines - chemical name

(alpha-Methyl benzene)

What do amphetamines do?

Mimic the effect of adrenaline on the body

Amphetamines Know as?

uppers, bennies, wake ups, eye openers

Amphetamines Appearance?

Vary in appearance, white pills to powder or crystals

Amphetamines Routes?

Ingested orally, injected, sniffed or smoked

Amphetamines - why do people think they are safe to take?

Because they are prescription drugs

Amphetamines - addictiveness? (2)

Highly addictive, develop tolerance very quickly

Amphetamines - mechanism of action?

Increase the activity of the monoamine neurotransmitters: serotonin norepinephrine dopamine.

Amphetamines stimulate... Which leads to... They also inhibit?

the release of the monoamine neurotransmitters, which leads to elevated levels in the synapses * monoamine oxidase (responsible for destruction of the neurotransmitters) further increasing the levels

Amphetamines most prominent neurotransmitter?

dopamine!

Amphetamines first synthesized where and when?

Germany (1887)

Amphetamines medically used in 1920s for?

initially used to treat asthma, bronchodilator

Amphetamines in WWII. Say more.

WWII, over 72 million tabs were given to soldiers to keep them alert awake and aggressive

Amphetamines and Hitler?

Hitler used them daily = contributed to his psychosis

Amphetamines today used mostly for? (2)

narcolepsy and ADHD

``` Amphetamines ST effects? head - DAD skin - DA high as shit - FUEL * hence the diet pill? ```

``` Dilated pupils Aching head (HA) Dry mouth * Dry, itchy skin Acne, sores * Fever, flushing & sweating Uncontrollable movements Elevated BP, increased HR, increased resp Lack of sleep - Insomnia * Anorexia: hence the diet pill! ```

Amphetamines LT effects? | PAWN Her Gems

``` Psychological Addiction Withdrawal Neurological damage * Heart disease GI and nutritional ```

Methamphetamines | Structure?

Similar in structure to amphetamines Also known as:

Methamphetamines | What do they stimulate?

CNS stimulant

Methamphetamines | Made how? With what?

Made in clandestine labs with over-the-counter ingredients

Methamphetamines AKA? Smoked form AKA?

speed, meth, chalk | smoked form is known as ice, crystal, crank

Methamphetamines | General description

White, odorless, bitter-tasting, crystalline power that easily dissolves in water or alcohol

Methamphetamines | Effects?

Effects can last 6-8 hrs

Methamphetamines | After initial rush?

there is a state of agitation

Methamphetamines | Mechanism of action?

Increases the release AND blocks the reuptake of dopamine

Methamphetamines | Chronic use changes the brain function =

* Reduced motor skills & impaired verbal learning | * Structural and functional changes in areas of the brain assoc. with emotion and memory

Methamphetamines ST effects? | WIII HID

``` Wakefulness Increased physical activity Increased resps Increased BP * Hyperthermia Irregular heart beat Decreased appetite ```

Methamphetamines LT effects? | ME CAMP V

``` Meth mouth Extreme weight loss * Confusion Anxiety Mood disturbances Psychotic features * Violent behaviour ```

Why does meth mouth occur?

``` drug-induced xerostomia (dry mouth) bruxism (grinding of the teeth) poor nutrition eating too much sugar lack of dental hygiene ```

04 Stimulants Flashcards

(54 cards)