05 - Respiratory system

Question 1

What distinguishes a bronchus within the lung from a primary bronchus?

Answer 1

Irregular plates of hyaline cartilage

Question 2

Histology of Bronchi? how wide?

Answer 2

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells, 5 mm in diameter

Question 3

Histology of bronchioles? how wide?

Answer 3

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells, 1 mm in diameter

Question 4

Part of the lower respiratory tract with cartilage and glands?

Answer 4

bronchus! the rest don’t have cartilage and glands

Question 5

Histology of terminal bronchiole?

Answer 5

simple columnar epithelium

Question 6

Histology of repiratory bronchiole?

Answer 6

singe cuboidal epithelium

Question 7

histology of alveoli?

Answer 7

simple squamous epithelium

Question 8

Which part of the lower RT is characterized by a predominantly thick muscularis layer?

Answer 8

bronchiole

Question 9

This condition results to reduction of the total surface area available for gas exchange in which many of the alveoli beyond the terminal bronchioles coalesce:

Answer 9

emphysema

Question 10

Describe emphysema. What is one of its major cause?

Answer 10

• chronic lung disease
• characterized by enlargement of the air space distal to the bronchioles with destruction of the interalveolar wall
• major cause: smoking

Question 11

What histological transformation happens in chronic smoking?

Answer 11

transformation of the respiratory epithelium into a stratified squamous epithelium

Question 12

What is the function of clara cells? (2)

Answer 12

1. protects the epithelium by secreting a surfactant-like material (GAGs) and enzyme which can detoxify air-borne toxins
2. divides to regenerate the respiratory epithelium

Question 13

Enumerate two types of alveolar cells, their corresponding histology, and their corresponding functions

Answer 13

Type I pneumocytes - simple squamous, for gas exchange

Type II pneumocyte - cuboidal, for secretion of surfactant

Question 14

The non-ciliated secretory cells which randomly interrupts the ciliated epithelial lining of the bronchiolar mucosa are known as:

Answer 14

Clara cells

Question 15

another name for enterochromaffin cells. What does these cells secrete?

Answer 15

Kulchitsky cells - secrete serotonin

Question 16

Cells in the respiratory system where coal deposits into?

Answer 16

Alveorlar macrophages

Question 17

What do goblet cells secrete? Why secrete these things?

Answer 17

Mucin - mucus - for protection of the epithelial lining

Question 18

another name for alveolar macrophages?

Answer 18

dust cells

Question 19

Which is larger, type I or type II pneumocytes?

Answer 19

type I is larger than type II

Question 20

another name for clara cells

Answer 20

club cells