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06 - Functional Modalities > 06-03: Massage > Flashcards

06-03: Massage Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Massage

A

The intentional and systematic manipulation of the soft tissues of the body to enhance relaxation, health and healing

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2
Q

Purpose of Massage

A

Apply mechanical pressure and stretching to produce therapeutic effect on the following systems: nervous, muscular, respiratory, circulatory, and lymphatic

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3
Q

Physiological effects of Massage (2)

A
  • Reflexive

- Mechanical

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4
Q

Reflexive - Physiological Effect

A
  • Stimulates sensory receptors in the skin and fascia; stimulation to autonomic nervous system
  • Sedation: Due to slow, gentle, rhythmical motions over the skin
  • Pain relief: Gate Control Theory, release of endogenous opiates
  • Circulation: Stimulates lymph channels and increases vasodilation
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5
Q

Mechanical - Physiological Effect

A
  • Stretch a muscle, elongate fascia, break adhesions or restrictions in muscle, tendons and fascia
  • Increased nutrition: Increased blood flow to muscle
  • Increased flexibility: Mechanical stretching of intramuscular connective tissue, fascia; breaking of adhesions
  • Increased skin temperature: Through vasodilation, decreases skin resistance to e-stim currents
  • Removes dead skin cells: Result of immobilization, casting, etc.
  • Stretch and break adhesion, scarring
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6
Q

Benefits of Massage

A
  • Relieves muscle pain/guarding
  • Increases circulation
  • “Milks” metabolic waste into venous and lymph systems (reduces edema)
  • Promotes relaxation
  • Promotes flexibility (joint and body)
  • Preparation for therapeutic exercise and functional training
  • Scarring
  • Effects on the psycho-emotional aspects
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7
Q

Indications for Massage

A
  • Pain
  • Muscle spasm/cramping
  • Scar tissue
  • Decreased ROM
  • Migraine/general headache
  • Trigger point
  • Edema
  • Adhesions
  • Lactic acid excess
  • Myositis
  • Bursitis
  • Tendonitis
  • Intermittent Claudication
  • Raynaud’s Syndrome (sensitive to cold)
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8
Q

Contraindications for Massage

A
  • Infection
  • Arteriosclerosis
  • Thrombosis
  • Cellulitis
  • Acute injury
  • Embolism
  • Cancer
  • Severe varicose veins
  • Acute phlebitis
  • Synovitis
  • Abscesses
  • Acute inflammatory conditions
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9
Q

Precautions for Massage

A
  • Compromised immunity
  • Cardiovascular disorders
  • Osteoporosis
  • Edema
  • Medications
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10
Q

Treatment Considerations for Massage

A
  • Knowledge of Anatomy
  • Knowledge of existing pathology
  • Knowledge of massage principles
  • Manual dexterity
  • Coordination
  • Concentration
  • Patience
  • A sense of caring
  • Courteousness in speech and manner
  • Hands must be clean, warm, dry and soft
  • Nails must be short and smooth
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11
Q

Massage technique

A
  • Generally start with light touch to stimulate the systemic effects
  • Progress to deeper techniques that address the mechanical effects
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12
Q

Therapist Preparation

A
  • Hands
  • Body mechanics
  • Hand position
  • Leverage vs. Strength
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13
Q

Basic Principles of Massage

A
  • Rhythm
  • Rate of movement: slow, uniform, gentle
  • Hands: flexible, contour area
  • Regulate pressure
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14
Q

Equipment Preparation (Table)

A
  • Firm, padded

- Height permits implementing good body mechanics

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15
Q

Equipment Preparation (Linens and Pillows)

A
  • Drape pt appropriately

- Pillow for comfort

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16
Q

Equipment Preparation (Lubricant)

A
  • Sufficient but not excessive
  • Depends on massage stroke
  • Light oil recommended with beeswax and coconut oil
  • Use alcohol to remove lubricant
17
Q

Medium (Lubricant)

A
  • Amount: Least amount to get job done
  • Types: Oil, Lotion, Creams based on technique, size of area, amount of friction
  • Common lotions: Fascia-free (beeswax), Free-up (thick lotion), Biotone (thin lotion), Biofreeze (Analgesic)
  • Complete session: Remove all lotions, wipe off, dry area
18
Q

Draping and Positioning

A
  • Sheets: Towels, Pillows
  • Exposure: Only expose areas to work on
  • Comfort and relaxations
19
Q

Dosing considerations

A
  • No hard and fast rules for dosing
  • Duration: Area treated, rate of movement, age of patient, size of patient, change in symptoms
  • Frequency: How often
  • Technique: What are you trying to accomplish?
20
Q

Western Massage Technique

A

Effleurage: Gliding/Sliding techniques
Petrissage: Kneading/Compression techniques
Friction: Deep compression techniques
Tapotement: Percussion technique

21
Q

More Contraindications for Massage

A
  • Severe distress (nausea, fever)
  • Loss of structural integrity or acute trauma
  • Acute inflammation
  • Spreading disease by circulation
  • TB
  • Tumors
  • Patient boundaries (distrust, intolerant to touch)
22
Q

Effleurage

A
  • Sliding and gliding over the skin with continuous motion
  • Allows pt to get accustomed to therapist touch
  • Use to begin or finish massage
  • Increases circulation, relaxation
  • Stretches skin, muscle
  • Hand Position: “L” Position
23
Q

Effleurage Strokes

A
  • Basic sliding*
  • Shingles*
  • Bilateral tree stroking*
  • Three-count stroking of the trapezius
  • Horizontal stroking
  • Alternate Hand/Thumb
24
Q

Petrissage

A
  • Kneading/milking muscle tissue
  • Knead soft tissue under or between hands while maintaining contact along a muscle
  • “Milks” muscles of waste products
  • Increase local circulation
  • Separates muscle tissue
  • Increases muscle relaxation
  • Hand position: “C” Position
25
Q

Petrissage Strokes

A
  • Basic Two-hand kneading*
  • One-hand kneading*
  • Alternate one-hand kneading*
  • Circular two-hand/wave*
  • Alternate finger-to-thumb
  • Skin rolling
  • Compression
26
Q

Friction

A
  • Rubbing one surface over another repeatedly
  • Break adhesions, scar tissue
  • Use with little or no medium, do not slide over skin, move skin over deeper tissue
  • Increase blood supply
  • Parallel to fibers, perpendicular to fibers, circular motion
27
Q

Friction Strokes

A
  • Deep friction

- Cross-fiber friction

28
Q

Tapotement

A
  • Percussion; two hands move alternately in an even rhythmic beat
  • Repetitive, rapid striking movements of the hands, moving simultaneously or alternately
  • Respiratory technique to loosen phlegm
  • Stimulating effect
29
Q

Tapotement Strokes

A
  • Hacking
  • Rapping
  • Cupping
  • Slapping
  • Tapping

06 - Functional Modalities (21 decks)

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