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Information Systems > 06 - Telecommunications > Flashcards

06 - Telecommunications Flashcards

1
Q

Telecommunications

A

The electronic transmission of signals for communication by means of telephone, radio and television.

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2
Q

Telecom Medium (media)

A

Any material substance that carries an electronic signal to support communications between a sending and receiving device.

  1. Sending unit
  2. Telecom device
  3. Medium
  4. Telecom device
  5. Receiving unit

Eval on cost, capacity and speed

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3
Q

FiOS

A

A bundled set of communications services, including Internet, telephone and TV that operates over a total fifer-optic network.

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4
Q

Telecommunications Speed

A

Measured in

Bits per second (bps)

Common speeds between Kbps to Mbps or not ben Gbps

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5
Q

Networking Protocol

A

A set of rules, algorithms, messages and other mechanisms that enable software and hardware in networked devices to communicate effectively.

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6
Q

IEEE

A

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.

IEEE 802 is the basis for many devises and services

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7
Q

Synchronous vs Asynchronous Communication

A

Synchronous Receiver gets immediate signal like live TV.

In asynchronous, there is some delay such as email.

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8
Q

Simplex Channel

A

A communications channel that can transmit data in only one direction and seldom used.

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9
Q

Half-Duplex Channel

A

A com channel that can transmit data in either direction but not simultaneously.

Radio pager system

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10
Q

Full-Duplex Channel

A

A com channel that permits data trans in both directions at the same time.

*** A full-duplex channel is like 2 simplex channels.

Cell phone

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11
Q

Channel Bandwidth

A

The rate at which data is exchanged, usually measured in bps.

The broader the bandwidth, the more information can be exchanged at one time.

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12
Q

Broadband Communications

A

A relative term that generally means a telecom system that can transmit data very quickly.

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13
Q

Circuit-Switching Network

A

A network that sets up a circuit between the sender and receiver before any communications can occur. This circuit is maintained for the duration of the communication and cannot be used to support any other com until the circuit is released and a new connection is set up.

Traditional telephone network. When order of data arrival matters.

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14
Q

Packet-Switching Network

A

A network in which no fixed path is created between the communicating devices and data is broken into packets, with each packet transmitted individually and capable of taking various paths from sender to recipient.

The Internet using TCP/IP protocol. When data can withstand some delay such as email.

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15
Q

Telcom Media overview

A

Eval on cost, capacity and speed

Amount of info to exchange
Speed required
Privacy concern
Stationary or mobile

Main categories:
Guided and wireless

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16
Q

Guided Transmission

A

Twisted Pair
Cat 2 and 3 home and phone
5, 5E and 6 commercial
10Gb full-duplex at 10 billion bps limited distances. Some with hundreds of wires.

Coaxial - faster and less interference but higher cost.

Fiber - glass or plastic. Smaller dia filament than coax, faster and less energy used and more expensive to buy and install.

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17
Q

Multiplexer

A

A device that combines data from multiple data sources into a single output signal that carries multiple channels.

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18
Q

Wireless Communication

A

Radio - 3kHz-300MHz
Mobile users - Easy interception

Microwave - 300MHz - 300GHz
Satellites - requires unobstructed line of sight

Infrared - 300GHz - 400THz
Light waves - only short distances with direct line of sight.

TV and Radio are regulated but data com is not.

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19
Q

Short-Range Wireless

A

Near Field Communications

Bluetooth

Ultra Wideband

Infrared Transmission

ZigBee

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20
Q

Near Field Communications (NFC)

A

A very short-range wireless connectivity language technology designed for consumer electronics, cell phones and credit cards.

Can establish a peer to peer network- Speedpass CC readers at gas pump

and Assa Abloy - vehicle entry

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21
Q

Bluetooth

A

A specification that describes how to connect electronic devices at distances up to 10-30 ft at a 2Mbs.

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22
Q

Ultra Wideband

A

Electromagnetic pulses lasting 50 - 1000 picoseconds, transmitted over a broad range of frequencies up to several gigahertz.

In home device networking and medical devices

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23
Q

Infrared

A

300GHz and above. Higher than microwave but lower than visible light.

Only over a few yards and must have clear line of sight. Accessing sensor data without touching them. HVAC system controls.

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24
Q

ZigBee

A

A form of wireless communications frequently used in security systems and heating and cooling control systems.

Requires little power.

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25
Q

Wi-Fi

A

A medium-range wireless telecommunications technology brand owned by the Wi-Fi Alliance. The Alliance consists of nearly 500 firms. A radio signal transmission.

IEEE 802.11 standard
a 54Mbps - 23 non-overlapping channels
b 11Mbps - overlapping channels
g 54Mbps - overlapping channels
n 140Gbps - overlapping channels
Max Dist about 300' outside, 100' inside
26
Q

Wide Area Wireless Networks

A 
Microwave
Satellite
Wireless mesh 
3G and 4G wireless
Long Term Evolution (LTE)
HSPA+  ( Evolved High Speed Packet Access
WiMAX
27
Q

Microwave

A

High-frequency
300MHz - 300GHz
About 30 mi between relay stations.

Geostationary 22,300 mi above surface. Less interference. Single satellite remains over same on Earth.
Low earth orbit satellites 1,000 mi above surface. Coverage provided by several satellites that overlap.
Very Small Aperture Terminal - VSAT

28
Q

Wireless Mesh

A

Using multiple Wi-Fi access points to link a series of interconnected local area networks to form s wide area network capable of serving a large campus or entire city.

29
Q

3G

A

Established by ITU in 1999

2-4 Mbps

Split into several regional standards across globe.

A circuit-switching network.

30
Q

4G

A

5-40 Mbps

Faster than some home broadband networks

31
Q

LTE

A

Long Term Evolution

4G protocol based on packet switching

32
Q

WiMAX

A

4G alternative over greater distance and faster speeds. Fewer access points required. Attractive for developing countries lacking infrastructure.

WiMAX-2 expects to reach 300 Mbps

33
Q

HSPA+

A

Evolved High Speed Packet Access

A broadband telcom standard that provides data rates of up to 42 Mbps down and 22 Mbps on upstream.

34
Q

Computer Network

A

Consists of comm media, devices and software needed to connect multiple computer systems.

Devices on a network are nodes.

Can transmit and receive info to improve organizational effectiveness and efficiency.

35
Q

Network Types

A

Depends on distance between nodes and services required.

Personal Area
Local Area
Metropolitan Area
Wide Area

36
Q

Personal Area Network - PAN

A

Supports the IT connectedness around one person.

IEEE 802.15 standards

Wireless mouse, KB and microphone or camera!

37
Q

Local Area Network - LAN

A

An office, home or several floors of a building.

Peer-to-peer networks do not require a server.

SOHO laptop to printer

38
Q

Metropolitan Area Network - MAN

A

Typically spans a campus or city and may involve the connection of multiple LANs to form a larger single network.

39
Q

Wide Area Network - WAN

A

Connects larger geographical regions.

Long distance calls ant Internet.

40
Q

Network Processing Alternatives

A

Centralized - all at one location. Lowers cost but less resilient.

Decentralized - devices are separated for independent operation. Starbucks stores can upload sales to home office.

Distributed - separated devices connected via a network. Sometimes sharing a common processing task. Wallmarts can check stock at other locations.

41
Q

Client/Server Architecture

A

An approach to computing where multiple computer platforms are dedicated to special functions such as, database mgmt, printing, telecomm and program execution.

File server provides access to entire file.

Database Server provides only data for client processing. Does not send entire file.

Clients - any computer that requests services

42
Q

Private Branch Exchange (PBX)

A

A telephone switching exchange that serves a single organization.

43
Q

Switch

A

Used the physical device address in each message to determine which output port to forward a message to.

44
Q

Bridge

A

Connects 2 LANs with same telecomm protocols.

45
Q

Router

A

Forwards data packets across 2 or more distinct networks through a process known as routing.

46
Q

Gateway

A

Serves as an entrance to another network.

47
Q

Network Operating System

A

System software that controls the computer system and devices on a network and allows them to communicate with each other.

Protects against unwanted access. Identifies errors and potential problems.

Novell Netware
Windows 2000 , 2003 or 2008
Junos OS

48
Q

Network-Management Software

A

Enables a manager on a networked desktop PC to monitor the use of individual computers and shared hardware such as printers, scan for viruses and ensure compliance with software licenses.

49
Q

Steps to Secure WiFi Network

A

1 Change router default login and password.

  1. Create a Service Set Identifier (SSID)
  2. Configure WPA settings - far better than WEP
  3. Disable SSID broadcasting
  4. Configure all connecting computers to access with proper WPA setting.
50
Q

War Driving

A

Driving around searching for unsecured networks.

By analyzing the traffic to and from network, hacker can gather enough data to crack encryption.

51
Q

Virtual Private Network

A

A private network that uses a public network to connect multiple remote locations. May use a security token that generates a constantly changing password. Example is RSA system.

52
Q

Femtocell

A

A miniature cellular base station designed to serve only a very small area such as inside a home or business office. They boost cell signal or enable a cell phone to operate over other wireless networks. The number of femtocell devices outnumbers cell towers.

53
Q

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

DSL is a dedicated connection to the phone office so unlike cable modem users, DSL users do not see a slowdown as more users get in network.

A

A service that delivers high-speed Internet access to homes and small businesses over the existing phone lines of local telephone network.

Asymmetric ADSL - download 3-4x faster than upload and can use phone at same time. Distance from phone office reduces performance.

Symmetric SDSL - same down and upload speed but can’t use phone at same time.

54
Q

Unattended Systems

Perform intended specific functions of linking personal computer to mainframes and networks automatically without user intervention.

A 
Voice Mail
Voice Mail-To-Text
- to an email account
- to a Text account
Reverse 911
- delivers emergency notifications to users in a selected geographical area.
55
Q

Automatic Call Distributor (ACD)

A

A telephone facility that manages incoming calls, validate callers, place outgoing calls, forward calls to the correct party, allow callers to record messages, gather usage statistics, balance the workload of support personnel and other tasks.

The Philippines has the greatest number of call centers.

55
Q

Office Virtualization and Telecommuting

Not suitable for situations that require frequent face-to-face time, need close supervision or have many short term deadlines.

A 
Pros:
Work/life bal. gain commute time
Reduce com related expenses
Reduce com related physical risks
Facilitate workers with limitations
Reduce fixed costs
Reduce carbon footprint

Requires
Self motivated and highly organized staff
Low need for socialization
Project model with longer horizons

57
Q

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)

  • reduce admin costs
  • increase efficiency
  • simplified bookkeeping and greater security

Electronic Document Distribution

A

A way to communicate data from one company to another and from one application to another in a standard format, permitting the recipient to perform a standard business transaction, such as processing purchase orders.

Transmit data without printing. View on screen to save paper and storage. Email now recognized as legal binding document in some cases and can be used to authorize contracts.

58
Q

Unified Communications

A

Provides a simple and consistent user experience across all types of communications.

Presence:
- knowing where one’s desired participants are and if they are available at this instant.

Goal to reduce the time required to make decisions and communicate results

59
Q

Quick Response (QR) Codes

A

2D barcode that, when scanned, can display text or provide the device an Internet address or even connect a smart device directly to a wide area network.

60
Q

Global Positioning

A

Approx 2 dozen satellites at 11k mi above surface.

64
Q

Encryption and Encryption Key

A

Converting a message into a form that only receiver can understand.

A Key is a variable value that is applied to an UNENCRYPTED message to secure it or to encrypt or decrypt a message.

Information Systems (8 decks)

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