01 Introduction Flashcards
Information System (IS)
A set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, store, and disseminate data and information and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an objective.
Data
Raw facts, such as an employee number, total hours worked in s week, inventory part numbers, or sales orders.
Information
A collection of facts organized and processed so that they have additional value beyond the value of the individual facts.
Information = Data made more useful through the application of knowledge.
Process
A set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a defined outcome.
Knowledge
The awareness and understanding of a set of information and the ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or reach a decision.
Data Transformation
Applying knowledge to select, organize and manipulate data to create information that is more useful and valuable that the collection of raw data.
Valuable Information Characteristics
Accessible Accurate Complete Economical Flexible Relevant Reliable Secure Simple Timely Verifiable
System
A set of elements or components that interact to accomplish goals.
Four components of a system
Input
Processing
Output
Feedback
Efficiency
A measure of what is produced divided by what is consumed.
Effectiveness
A measure or the extent to which a system achieves its goals; it can be computed by dividing the goals actually achieved by the total of the stated goals.
System Performance Standard
A specific objective of the system.
Input
The activity of gathering and capturing raw data.
Processing
Converting or transforming data into useful outputs
Output
Production of useful information, usually in the form of documents and reports.
Feedback
Information from the system that is used to make changes to input or processing activities.
Forecasting
Predicting future events to avoid problems.
Computer-Based Information System (CBIS)
A single set of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information.
Technology Infrastructure
All the hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store and process data into information.
Hardware
Computer equipment used to perform input, processing, storage and output activities.
Software
The computer programs that govern the operation of the computer.
Database
An organized collection of facts and information, typically consisting of two or more related data files.
Telecommunications
The electronic transmission of signals for communications that enables organizations to carry out their processes and tasks through effective computer networks.
Network
Computers and equipment that are connected in a building, around the country, or around the world to enable electronic communications.
Internet
The world’s largest computers network, consisting of thousands of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information.
