073 Bacterial Meningitis

Question 1

The most common bacterial causes of meningitis?

Answer 1

1. Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
2. Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus)
3. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)

Question 2

The most important virulence factor for mrningitis-causing bacteria?

And the mode of transmission?

Answer 2

Question 3

Anothr name for Meningococcus?

Answer 3

Question 4

describe the morphology of Neisseria meningitides (meningococcus)

Answer 4

Question 5

the most important virulence factor for Neisseria meningitides (meningococcus)?

Answer 5

The polysaccharide capsule, with its antiphagocytic action, represents the most important virulence factor.

Question 6

How are Neisseria meningitides (meningococcus) classified into groups?
And mention the most important serogroups.

Answer 6

A, B, C, Y, W135b

Question 7

The Neisseria meningitides (meningococcus) Serogroup accounting for most meningococcal epidemics and outbreak.

Answer 7

Question 8

Another virulence factor of Neisseria meningitides due to their Gram- nature?

Answer 8

Question 9

Route of infection for Neisseria meningitides (meningococcus)?
( 3 points)

Answer 9

Question 10

Mention three Clinical features of meningococcal sepsis

Answer 10

Question 11

Another name for Pneumococci?

Answer 11

Question 12

Describe morphology of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci)

Answer 12

Question 13

What does diplococci mean?

Answer 13

a bacterium that occurs as pairs of cocci

Question 14

The most important virulence factor for Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci)?

Answer 14

Question 15

Why is the polysaccharide capsule The most important virulence factor for Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci)?

Answer 15

➢ It is antiphagocytic.

➢ It divides the organism into about 90 antigenically different serotypes

Question 16

Who?

‘A normal colonizer of the respiratory tract, sinuses, and nasal cavity in healthy persons.’

Answer 16

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci)

Question 17

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci) cont.

Individuals at risk include:

Answer 17

Question 18

Haemophilus influenzae: The genus name is derived from the Greek words meaning…

Answer 18

Blood-loving

Question 19

Why was Haemophilus influenzae called influenzae?

Answer 19

• H. influenzae occurs as part of the normal flora of the upper respiratory tract.

• It is so-called because it was thought to be the causative agent of influenza.

Question 20

Comment on the morphology of ‘Haemophilus influenzae’

Answer 20

• Gram –ve capsulated bacilli

Question 21

How many antigenic types are there for ‘Haemophilus influenzae’? According to what are they classified?

Answer 21

• There are six antigenic types according to polysaccharide capsule

Question 22

the most common antigenic type of Haemophilus influenzae to cause bacterial meningitis?

Answer 22

Question 23

Clinical Presentation of Meningitis in Adults?
(6 points)

Answer 23

Question 24

Mode of infection for meningitis in Neonates?

Answer 24

Question 25

Most common bacterial causes of neonatal meningitis?

Answer 25

Question 26

Clinical Presentation of Meningitis in infants? (8 points)

Answer 26

Question 27

Laboratory (Specimens) used for Meningitis: lab. diagnosis?

Answer 27

Question 28

Answer 28

Question 29

Answer 29

Question 30

CSF biopsy for meningitis what do you see

Answer 30

Question 31

CSF biopsy for meningitis what do you see

Answer 31

Question 32

CSF biopsy for meningitis what do you see

Answer 32

Question 33

Bacterial meningitis treatment?

Answer 33

Question 34

Meningitis Chemoprophylaxis?

Answer 34

Question 35

Prevention of meningitis? (3 points)

Answer 35

1. Chemoprophylaxis 2. Vaccination 3. Droplet precautions

Question 36

available vaccines for bacterial Meningitis?

Answer 36

- Conjugate Hib polysaccharide capsular vaccine - Conjugate pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine - Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (A,C,Y, W135)