07b: MMR Flashcards by Nuna H

Measles: part of (X) family, (Y) genera. Causes measles, aka (Z).

X = paramyxoviridae
Y = Morbillivirus
Z = rubeola

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Paramyxoviridae: (helical/icosahedral) nucleocapsid with (ss/ds) (RNA/DNA). Does virus carry polymerase?

Helical;
ssRNA (neg-sense)

Yes - RNA-dep-RNA Pol needed!

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Paramyxoviridae: (enveloped/non-enveloped) with 2 types of “spikes” made from (X). List these.

Enveloped;
X = glycoproteins

F protein (for fusion with host membrane)
H protein (viral attachment; a hemagglutinin)

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Paramyxoviridae: defective (X) would prevent virus from forming syncytia.

X = F protein (glycoprotein “spike”)

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Neutralizing Ab made against Paramyxoviridae target (X) structure.

X = H protein (glycoprotein “spike”)

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T/F: Paramyxoviridae contains multiple serotypes.

False - 1

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Which part of Paramyxoviridae replication occurs in host cell nucleus?

None - replication/assembly in cytoplasm

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T/F: Paramyxoviridae releases virions from host via budding

True

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T/F: There are max a few hundred cases worldwide per year of measles.

False - 20 million! (Esp among unvacc children in low-income countries with poor healthcare)

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Measles is transmitted via (X).

X = respiratory droplets

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T/F: There have been cases of measles and mumps outbreaks via transmission from petting zoo animals.

False - human is the only host for these viruses!

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Measles Rash is caused by:

CTLs attacking infected endothelial cells lining small blood vessels in the skin

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Measles rash, aka (X), occurs following (primary/secondary) viremia. Where does it start/spread?

X = rubeola
Secondary

Face (below ears) and spreads to lower extremities

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Measles: primary replication occurs in (X) and is followed by (Y) spread, leading to primary viremia.

X = URT
Y = lymphatic

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T/F: Measles-specific Ab can be detected prior to appearance of rash.

False - a few days afterward

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T/F: Once measles-specific Ab become detectable, virus cannot be recovered and patient is no longer contagious.

True

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Measles virus infection causes a (transient/permanent) depression in the numbers/activity of
(X) WBCs during the incubation period.

Transient;

X = B and T cells

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Measles primarily cleared by (humoral/CM) immune response. And mumps? And rubella?

CM (Ab limit viremia) for all three

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T/F: Lifelong immunity is generated after measles, mumps, AND rubella infection/recovery.

True

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List the classic symptoms of measles prodrome.

Cough (and high fever)
Conjunctivitis/photophobia
Coryza (runny nose)

Bright red lesions with a white central dot on buccal mucosa are formally called (X) and diagnostic of:

X = Koplik’s spots

Measles

60% of deaths due to measles are result of which complication?

Pneumonia

(X) complication of measles almost always fatal. It occurs how long after infection?

X = Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE); persistent infection of brain

About 7 years

Measles in pregnant woman associated with:

Stillbirth (fetus can die if infected)

T/F: Hemagglutination, syncytia formation, and nuclear inclusion bodies can all be used in measles lab diagnosis.

Most true, but CYTOPLASMIC inclusion bodies

T/F: U.S. measles vaccine given to neonates a few days after birth to prevent infection in vulnerable period.

False! Live, attenuated vaccine not given before 15 mo of age; maternal Ab protects

T/F: U.S. avoids administration of all live, attenuated vaccines.

False - MMR vaccines are live (few side effects)

Mumps: part of (X) family, (Y) genera.

``` X = paramoxyviridae Y = rubulavirus ```

T/F: Epidemiology and transmission of mumps is similar to measles.

True

(Mumps/Measles/Rubella) makes your (X) and (Y) as big as "POMPoms".

Mumps; X = parotid glands (Parotitis) Y = testes (Orchitis) ``` M = meningitis (aseptic) P = pancreatitis ```

T/F: Mumps infection will only occur once in host IF both parotid glands are affected.

False - only occurs once, even if unilateral parotitis

T/F: As soon as mumps-specific Ab is present, virus cannot be recovered (from mouth/urine).

False

T/F: CNS involvement (aseptic meningitis) during mumps is rare (5%) and fatal.

False - common (50%) and resolves without sequelae

Rubella: part of (X) family, (Y) genera. Causes rubella, aka (Z).

``` X = Togaviridae Y = Rubivirus Z = German measles ```

Rubella virus: (helical/icosahedral) nucleocapsid with (ss/ds) (RNA/DNA). Does virus carry polymerase?

Icosahedral; ssRNA (pos-sense) No viral polymerase (its gene is encoded in viral genome and translated in host cell)

T/F: MMR viruses all contain hemagglutinin glycoprotein spikes.

True

Rubella virus: (enveloped/non-enveloped) and (X) number of serotypes.

Enveloped; | X = 1

Rubella virus: enters host cell via (X). (Y) causes the nucleocapsid release.

``` X = receptor-mediated endocytosis Y = fusion with acidified endosome ```

Rubella virus: Upon release of viral genome, (X) occurs. Then, (Y) occurs.

``` X = translation/cleavage of plus-sense RNA (to produce viral RNA Pol) Y = Viral RNA Pol transcribes neg-sense RNA ```

T/F: Rubella virus releases virions from host cell via budding.

True

T/F: There have been cases of rubella virus outbreaks via transmission from petting zoo animals.

False - human only host!

Rubella virus: transmission via (X) routes.

X = resp droplets and transplacentally

Rubella virus: primary replication in (X), then viremia and spread to organs/skin. The rash is a result of (Y).

``` X = nasopharynx/local lymph nodes Y = Ab/Ag complexes ```

T/F: Rubella is a milder disease than measles in kiddos.

True

(Measles/mumps/rubella) can cause serious arthritis symptoms in adults, via (X) mechanism.

Rubella; | X = Immune-mediated complexes

Congenital (measles/mumps/rubella) syndrome is seen in trimester (1/2/3) of non-immune F pregnancy. This can cause which issues primarily in which body systems?

Rubella; 1st; Eye, heart, ear ("I heart ruby earrings"); also can be fatal

Infants that survive (X) infection in utero are reservoirs for perpetuating the microorganism for 30 months!

X = congenital rubella syndrome

T/F: Lab diagnosis for MMR done in the same way(s).

False - rubella virus hard to isolate and no significant CPE for presumptive diagnosis (use serology)

Pregnant woman is sero-negative for rubella. What should be done?

Not vaccine; give immune globulin