08 Post Transplant Flashcards

(59 cards)

1
Q

Post-transplant education should include the following information about the recipient’s care:

A
  • The transplant drug regimen and effects
  • Applicable self-monitoring data
  • Signs and symptoms of infection and rejection
  • Short and long-term complications
  • Recipient and graft survival
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2
Q

Post-transplant education should include the following information about the transplant team’s support services:

A
  • Transplant team personnel and roles
  • Available support services: psychosocial, mental and emotional well-being
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3
Q

Post-transplant education should include the following information about Long-term care:

A
  • Long-term health screenings: cancer, bone health, behavior modification
  • Adherence to follow-up care and labs
  • When and how to report abnormalities
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4
Q

The Coordinator’s role in Post-transplant education includes:

A
  • Identifying appropriate teaching strategies and content for patient and family Identify any barriers to long term follow-up care
  • Coordinate routine diagnostic tests
  • Help patient return to Primary Care Physician
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5
Q

Effective evaluation of the patient’s ability to receive post-transplant education includes:

A
  • Considering language/culture
  • Consider education level
  • Consider learning style
  • Consider any barriers to learning
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6
Q

Lack of family or friends to support the patient is a predictor of…

A

non-adherence

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7
Q

Written educational materials provided to patients should not exceed a grade level of…

A

6-8th grade reading level.

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8
Q

Effective post-transplant education should include education by…

A

the entire disciplinary team.

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9
Q

CMS requires documentation of education by the following team members:

A
  • Psychosocial
  • Pharmacy
  • Dietary
  • Transplant Coordinator
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10
Q

CMS requires documentation in medical record within ________ hours of discharge.

A

48-72 hours

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11
Q

General Discharge information should include instructions pertaining to infection control, including…

A

hand washing and hand sanitizing.

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12
Q

General Discharge information pertaining to water should recommend…

A

bottled water as preferred.

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13
Q

General Discharge information pertaining to sun exposure should recommend…

A

sunscreen protection and the dangers of skin cancer.

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14
Q

General Discharge information should warn against medication contraindications for…

A

pregnancy.

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15
Q

General Discharge information should recommend flu shots…

A

annually (inactivated flu vaccines).

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16
Q

General Discharge information should recommend __________ prior to dental work.

A

antibiotic prophylaxis

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17
Q

General Discharge information pertaining to smoking should

A

recommend against smoking.

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18
Q

General Discharge information should warn against the risks associated with some pets, especially…

A

Cat litter, and birds.

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19
Q

General Discharge information should include warnings about potential exposure to ______________ when gardening.

A

toxins in the soil

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20
Q

Education about medications should include the following information about dosages:

A
  • Purpose, frequency, and rationale
  • Frequent changes in dosages
  • Trough levels of medications
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21
Q

Education about medications should include the following information about possible interactions:

A
  • with over the counter medications
  • with herbal supplements
  • with drug to drug interactions
  • with food to drug interactions
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22
Q

The purpose of Immunosuppression medications include:

A
  • Preventing rejection
  • Avoiding vasculopathy
  • Avoiding infection
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23
Q

General side effects of immunosuppression medications include:

A
  • Hyperlipidemia
  • Diabetes
  • Osteoporosis
  • Obesity
  • Renal insufficiency
  • GI disorders
  • Reduced exercise tolerance
  • Gingival hyperplasia
  • Malignancy
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24
Q

The transplant coordinator will instruct the patient in the following self- monitoring responsibilities:

A
  • Weight
  • Blood pressure
  • Heart rate
  • Temperature
  • Blood sugar monitoring
25
General Signs and Symptoms of Rejection across all organs include…
* Edema * Vomiting and diarrhea * Fatigue, Intolerance of exercise, shortness of breath * Low grade fever * Sudden weight gain * History of noncompliance of meds
26
General diagnostic surveillance of rejection and infection includes…
* Labs (organ specific) * Ultrasound * Biopsy * Stress Test * Chest Xray
27
In ALL situations where rejection is suspected, the next step is to obtain a …
Biopsy (the gold standard)
28
Long-term healthcare maintenance includes…
* A comprehensive yearly physical * Review of Medications * Targeted physicals: dental, skin cancer, eye, gynecologic/prostate care, bone density * Labs (organ specific)
29
Patients need to contact their coordinator or physician when they experience the following:
* Fever * Cough or shortness of breath * Weight gain/edema * Nausea/vomiting/diarrhea/constipation * Persistent heart burn or stomach upset * Tarry or bloody stools * Any wound that is red, warm, or draining * Any rashes
30
A general assessment for complications (all organs) includes…
* Surgical/medical assessment * Immunologic assessment * Psychosocial assessment * Adverse effects of the drug regimen
31
The role of the Transplant Coordinator in post-operative monitoring and evaluating is…
* Coordinating lab and diagnostic studies * Coordinating follow-up clinic visits * Organize any required home health care * Coordinate any consultations/outpatient therapies * Coordinate any hospital admissions/emergency evaluations * Coordinate medication renewals * Evaluate recipient's adherence with treatment regimen * Share information with primary care physician
32
Long-term Post-transplant complications include…
* Cardiovascular disease * Hypertension * Hyperlipidemia * Metabolic Syndrome * Diabetes Mellitus * Obesity * Malignancy * Renal Insufficiency * Osteoporosis
33
Cardiovascular disease manifests as…
* Hypertension * Arteriosclerosis * Atherosclerosis * Coronary artery diseases * Myocardial infarction * Congestive heart failure * Peripheral vascular disease * Cerebral vascular disease * Stroke
34
Modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular disease include…
* Hypertension * Elevated LDL cholesterol * Smoking * Diabetes * Obesity * Physical activity * Clotting * Diet
35
The most common cardiovascular complication in solid organ transplant is
Hypertension
36
High prevalence of cardiovascular complications in heart and renal transplant patients is due to…
Introduction of cyclosporine or tacrolimus and steroids.
37
Antihypertensives (calcium channel blockers-amlodipine) can interfere with levels of ….
cyclosporine and tacrolimus. Monitor levels or adjust to alternative medications.
38
Treatment for Hyperlipidemia includes…
* Optimizing weight (Diet and exercise) * Stop smoking * Start a statin
39
Metabolic Syndrome will manifest as…
* Central obesity * High blood pressure * High triglycerides * Low HDL - cholesterol * Insulin resistance
40
Management of Metabolic Syndrome includes…
* Control hyperlipidemia * Weight reduction * Increase physical activity
41
Diabetes Mellitus typically occurs within ________ post-transplant, or when _______ are augmented to treat rejection
3 months steroids
42
Screening for Diabetes Mellitus includes…
fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin A1C
43
Treatment for Diabetes Mellitus includes…
* Dietary therapy * Oral Hypoglycemic agents * Insulin therapy * Weight Loss/exercise * Withdraw/change steroids
44
Obesity is associated with an increased risk for…
delayed graft function.
45
The most common type of malignancy post-transplant is…
skin cancer
46
Prevention for malignancies includes…
* Routine cancer screenings * Sun Protection * Stop smoking
47
Treatment for malignancies may include…
* Reduction or withdrawal of immunosuppression * Chemotherapy * Surgery
48
A basal cell is characterized by…
* Depressed centers * Rolled borders
49
A squamous cell is characterized by…
* Asymmetrical * Uneven borders * Multiple colors * Larger than 1/4 inch * Change in size, shape. * Color
50
Clinical manifestations of Renal insufficiency include…
* High creatinine * High potassium * Low sodium excretion (means the same as high sodium)
51
Treatment for Renal insufficiency may include…
* Lower immunosuppression * Lower blood pressure
52
Screening for Osteoporosis includes…
* Routine Dexa scans (low radiation) * T-score of -1.0 or above = normal bone density * T-score between -1.0 and -2.5 = low or osteopenia * T-score -2.5 or lower = osteoporosis
53
Treatment for Osteoporosis includes…
* Withdrawal of steroids * Calcium and Vit D supplements * Hormone replacement therapy * Bisphosphonates: alendronate/etidronate
54
Educating the patient when to call the transplant center post-transplant includes…
* If hospitalized away from transplant center * New medications prescribed by non-transplant center provider * Before other procedures at other centers (dental) * Questions on refills or new medications
55
UNET follow-up data for Living donors is required…
at 6months, 1 year, and 2 year
56
UNET follow-up data for recipients is required…
at 6months, 12months, and annually
57
Transplant Coordinator must inform donors and recipients that they can communicate with each other if…
both parties agree.
58
Transplant Coordinator must inform the recipient that the donor may not wish to receive or respond to communication and…
is not required to do so.
59
Most patients can return to work post-transplant, within
3 months