(09) Mastitis III

Question 1

(69)

Question 2

(70)

Answer 2

(71)

Question 3

(72)

Question 4

(73)

(Mastitis - Secret to Success)

(Two Simple Steps:)

1-2. what are they?

Answer 4

1. prevent new infections

(herd level control,

problem = many contributing factors)

2. eliminate existing infections

(individual cow management (treatment, dry-off, culling)

problem = detection, therapeutic failure)

Question 5

(74)

5-point Mastitis Control Plane – what is it?

Answer 5

Question 6

(75)

(1. Post-milking Teat disinfection)
1. goal = ?
2. teat dipping reduces number of new infections by how much?
3. disinfectants?
4. key to success = ?

Answer 6

Question 7

(76)

1. pre-milking teat disinfection for what?
2. post-milking teat disinfection for what?

Answer 7

Question 8

(77)

(2. Universal Dry Cow Therapy)
1. best chance of cure for what?
2. options?

Answer 8

Question 9

(78)

(Universal Dry Cow Therapy)

(The Significance of Dry Period Infections)

1. what % of all new infections caused by environmental pathogens occur during the dry period?
2. Over what % of clinical coliform mastits events in the first 100 days in milk originated during the dry period?

Answer 9

1 50-60%

2. over 50%

Question 10

(79)

(Universal Dry Cow Therapy)

(Blanket Dry Cow Therapy)

1. intramammary infusion with long-acting antibiotic at dry off

(purpose)

2. cure what?

3 prvent what?

4.

Answer 10

2. cure existing subclinical infections
3. new infections that could be acquired during the dry period

Question 11

(80)

(Universal Dry Cow Therapy)

(Blanket Dry Cow Therapy)

Question 12

(80)

(Universal Dry Cow Therapy)

(Dry Cow Therapy)

(internal test sealant (orbeseal))

1. administred when?
2. May not be economically jus)fied in herds with a very low incidence of new infec)ons over the dry period
3. Does work to help prevent new infec)ons

Answer 12

1 at dry off - after IMM Abx

Question 13

(84)

(5. Regular milking machine maintencance)

(Milking Machine)

1. vector for what?

Answer 13

1. bacteria

(dirty equipment, contaminated milk “impacts”)

Question 14

(86)

(5. Regular milking machine maintencance)

(Milking Machine)

1. Determinant of what?

improper vacuum and pulsation setting and over-milking –> ?

2. Hyperkeratosis (difficult to clean, disrupted barrier to bacteria?)

Answer 14

1. teat end health

teat end hyperkeratosis

Question 15

(87)

(5. Regular milking machine maintencance)

(Milking Machine)

Question 16

(88)

(5. Regular milking machine maintencance)

(Milking Machine)

Question 17

(89)

Question 18

(90)

Answer 18

(91)

Question 19

(92)

Answer 19

(93)

Question 20

(94)

(Pathogen Factors)

(Gram - vs Gram +)

(Gram Negatives)

1. spontaneous cure rate?
2. conventional thinking = ?

(Host-adapted gram-negatives)

3. some gram negatives can act like contagious pathogens; survive in tissues for long periods, ineffective immune reponse (4.8-10%)

Answer 20

1. high
2. don’t need to treat

Question 21

(95)

(Pathogen Factors)

(Gram + vs. Gram -)

(Gram positives)

1. most susc to what?
2. Do you need to treat?

Answer 21

1. beta lactam antibiotics
2. YES - should treat most

Question 22

(96)

(Pathogen Factors)

(Pathogens have variable cure rates)

(staph aurues)

1. rate?

(Strep Ag)

2. rate?

(Non-ag Streps)

3. rate

Answer 22

1. low (20-30%)

(Degree of tissue invasion, B-lactamase major factors in possibility of cure)

2. high (90-95%)
3. intermediate (40-50%)

(some antibiotic resistance demonstrated)

Question 23

(97)

1. Mycoplasma, Prototheca, yeasts

treament is what? why?

2. A. pyo/trueperlla

treatment unsuccessful - why?

Answer 23

1. unsuccessful - no target for antibiotics
2. can’t penetrate abscess

Question 24

(98)

Question 25

(99)

Question 26

(100) (Therapy Factors) (Duration of Treatment) 1. Does extended duration of therapy improve success of Staph Aureus treatment? 2. also for what? 3. could consider for other refractory cases

Answer 26

1. yes (Pirsue - pirlimycin hydrochloride) 2. strep uberis

Question 27

(101) (Therapy Factors - Efficacy or Susceptibility) (Label claims) 1. only tell us what?

Answer 27

1. what bugs were used to prove efficacy for FDA approval

Question 28

(102) (Therapy Factors) figure out how much of this you need to know

Question 29

(103) (Therapy Factors - Efficacy or Susceptibility) (Sensitivity testing) 1. how useful? why? 2. OK to say one antibiotic MIGHT be better than another if what?

Answer 29

1. almost totally useless no cut-point data for mastitis pathogens, no demonstrated correlation to efficacy in the mammary gland, frequently misinterpreted 2. one is susc and the other is resistant

Question 30

(104)

Answer 30

(105)

Question 31

(106) DO IT