1- Flashcards
(88 cards)
1
Q
what is gross anatomy?
A
examination of large structures and features
2
Q
what is microscopic anatomy?
A
examination of structures that cannot be seen without mangification
3
Q
what dose superior region refres to?
A
above
4
Q
give an exmple of superior?
A
the head is superior to the neck
5
Q
what dose the term inferior mean?
A
below
6
Q
give an example of inferior?
A
the knee is inferior to the hip
7
Q
what is anterior region?
A
in front
8
Q
give an example of anterior?
A
the belly bottom is on the anterior surface
9
Q
what dose posterior mean?
A
behind
10
Q
an example of posterior?
A
the shoulder blade is posterior to the ribs
11
Q
what dose caudal region?
A
the tail (coccyx)
12
Q
an example of caudal?
A
the hips are caudal to the waist
13
Q
what dose the medial region means?
A
towards the body’s midline
14
Q
an example of medial?
A
the medial surface of the thighs may contact
15
Q
what dsoe lateral region mean?
A
away from the body’s midline
16
Q
an example of lateral?
A
moving laterlly from the nose you reach the ears
17
Q
what dose proximal mean?
A
towards an attached base
18
Q
an example of proximal?
A
moving proximally from the elbow, you reach the shoulder
19
Q
what dose distal region mean?
A
away from an attached base
20
Q
an example of distal?
A
the fingers are lateral from the wrist
21
Q
superficial region is?
A
close to the surface
22
Q
an example of superficial?
A
the skin is superficial to the underlying organ
23
Q
what dose the deep mean?
A
away from the surface
24
Q
example od deep?
A
the thigh bone is deep to the srrounding muscle
25
what dose the 3D shape referred to?
as planes
26
what the term section mean?
any single view along the 3D shape plane
27
what are the three types of plane?
frontal or coronal plane
sagittal or midsagittal plane
transrerse or horizontal plane
28
what dose the frontal plane seprates?
anterior and portions of the body
29
what dose the sagitte plane separates?
right and left portions
30
what dose the midsagittal separates?
the body into equal right and left sides
31
what dose the parasgittal section separates?
the body two unequal right and left sides
32
what dose the transererse section separates?
superior and inferior portion of the body
33
what dose the 3D body plane have in common?
plane is oriented parallel or parpendicalar to long axis
34
what dose the body naturally divided into?
cavities
35
what is the purpose of the body cavities?
it protects the internal organs and allow organs to alter their shape
36
what is the name of the major cavity appears early in develpment?
coelom
37
what dose the thoracic cavity surrounaed by?
the chest wall and diaphragm, superior to the diaphragm
38
what dose the abdominopelvic cavity contains?
the peritoneal cavity, inferior to the diaphragm
39
how many are there different types of cells in the human body?
200 cells
40
what are the four types of cells in the human body can loosley put into four types?
epithelial
connective
muscle
neural
41
every cell has the same set of what?
chromosomes and genes
42
genes are turned on and off based on what?
which proteins the call can produce
43
when gene become more restricted, it become what?
specialised
44
what dose the repeated cell division of specialised cell prodoce?
more copies
45
what dose specialised cells forms?
organised groupings known as tissues
46
what dose the epithelial tissues contains?
epithelia and glands
47
what are the five improtant charactristics of epithelia tissue?
cellularity
polarity
attachment
avascularity
regeneration
48
what are the four major functions of epithelia tissues?
protection
permeability control
sensation
secretion
49
what are the connective tissue connect to?
the epithelium to the rest of the body
50
exmaples of connective tissues?
bone
blood
fat
51
what dose the connective tissue have a wide range of?
functions and appearance
52
what dose the connective tisse contains?
extracellular
ground substance
variety of cells
53
what dose the connective tissues divided into?
lose and dense connective tissue
54
what are the three types of connective tissue fibers?
collagen fibers
reticular fibers
elastic fibers
55
whch fibers are common, flexible and strong?
collagen fibers
56
why dose the reticular fibers forms branching network?
to stabilise functional cell in organ
57
what dose the elastic fibers contains ?
the protein elastin
58
what is the role of protein in elastic fibers?
it returns the fiber to original length to normal after stretching
59
what dose the connective tissue cells contains?
fibroblasts and fibrocytes
60
what dose the fibroblasts present?
secretes hyaluronan and proteins
61
what dose the fibrocytes forms?
it form fibroblasts
62
what is the blood made up?
waterly matrix known as plasma
63
what dose fibrocytes maintain?
connective tissue fibres
64
where dose the red and white blood cell found?
in plasma with platelets
65
what dose the lymph fluid contains?
fluid matrix and cell of the immue system
66
what dose the supportive connective tissue provide?
strong framwork to support the body
67
what dose the matrix contains in supprotive connective tissue?
many fibres and calcium deposite
68
what the muscular tissue provide?
movement
69
what dose the term movement mean in skeletal muscle?
movement of the body
70
what dose the term movement mean in cardic muscle?
movement of the blood
71
what dose the term movement mean in smooth muscle?
movement of the digestive tract
72
what dose nervous tissue responsiable for?
sanding electric impules from one area to another
73
what percentage of nervous tissue is conectrated in the brain
about 98%
74
what are the two types of nervous tissue?
neurons and neuroglia
75
what are organs?
combination of tissues that perform complex actions
76
why dose organs work together?
to bring coordinated results
77
what is homostasis?
existance of a sable environment
78
why homoeotasis vital (important)?
it corrects the functioning of the human body
79
what is homeostasis regulation?
the act of changing physiological process to maintain balance
80
extrinsic regulation results through what?
coordinated change in nervous and endocrine systems
81
example of extrinsic regulation?
exercise triggers nervous response which increase heart rate and reduce blood flow to the digestive system
82
when dose autoregulation occurs?
when a cell tissue or organ adjusts automatically in response to external change
83
example of autoregulation?
dilation of blood vessels at site of low oxygen
84
which feedback is hardly seen in human body?
positive feedback
85
what dose the positive feedback activites to?
exaggerated response
86
which feedback is common in machanism?
negative feedback
87
what happened in negative feedback?
the values are constantly vibrating with responses when its too hight or low
88
example of positive feedback?
breast feeding
