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fourth year last min prep > 1 > Flashcards

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1
Q

acromegaly management

A

trans-sphenoidal surgery

octreotide (somatostatin analogue)

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2
Q

anaesthesia

A

opiate (remifentil)

induction agent (propfol)

muscular blockade (rocoronium)

sevofluarane

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3
Q

z-score is adjusted for

A

age, gender, and ethnic factors

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4
Q

autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

A

positive direct antiglobulin test (Coombs’ test)

1st line: corticosteroids (reduce the amount of circulating antibodies causing haemolysis)

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5
Q

seizures management

A

myoclonic
females: levetiracetam
males: sodium valproate

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6
Q

Sheehan’s syndrome

A

postpartum hypopituitarism

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7
Q

Saturday night palsy

A

radial nerve palsy

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8
Q

Turner’s syndrome

A

ejection systolic murmur due to bicuspid aortic valve

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9
Q

placenta accreta -> increta -> percreta

A

myometrium -> invade myometrium -> invade perimetrium

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10
Q

ankle swelling

A

dihydropyridines (amlodipine, felodipine)

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11
Q

acute delirium

A

oral haloperidol

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12
Q

pituitary apoplexy

A

bleeding/infarction within the pituitary macroadenoma

IV hydrocortisone

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13
Q

unilateral sensorineural deafness or tinnitus

A

acoustic neuroma

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14
Q

vertigo, tinnitus + sensorineural deafness

A

Meniere’s disease

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15
Q

haemochromatosis

A

fatigue, erectile dysfunction and arthralgia

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16
Q

postpartum haemorrhage secondary to uterine atony

A

mechanical

medical: oxytocin, ergometrine, carboprost and misoprostol

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17
Q

knee pain after exercise, locking and ‘clunking’

A

Osteochondritis dissecans

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18
Q

Branchial cyst

A

present during intercurrent upper respiratory tract infection

smooth swelling in between the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the pharynx.

fluctuant but doesn’t transilluminate or move during swallowing.

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19
Q

Thyroglossal cyst

A

painless, midline, cystic swelling noted in the region of the hyoid bone.

moves upwards upon swallow or tongue protrusion

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20
Q

nephritic syndromes

A

IgA glomerulonephritis

post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

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21
Q

nephrotic syndromes

A

minimal change disease

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

membranous glomerulonephritis

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22
Q

quincke’s sign

A

nailbed pulsation - clinical sign of aortic regurgitation

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23
Q

risks of an ectopic pregnancy

A

pelvic inflammatory disease - Chlamydia

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24
Q

pacemaker ecg

A

presence of long straight lines preceding QRS complexes

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25
failure to correct childhood squints may lead to
amblyopia
26
COPD stages
stage 1: FEV 80% stage 2: FEV1 50-79% stage 3: FEV1 30-49% stage 4: FEV1 <30%
27
hyperemesis gravidarum management
IV normal saline with potassium chloride
28
pre-renal disease
raised serum urea:creatinine ratio
29
hyponatraemia/ hypernatreamia correction complications
hyponatraemia correction - osmotic demyelination syndrome (central pontine myelinolysis) - spastic quadriparesis - pseudobulbar palsy - emotional lability (pseudobulbar affect) hypernatreamia correction - cerebral oedema
30
bradycardia
IV atropine 500 micrograms
31
tachycardia
amiodarone rate control: bisoprolol DC cardioversion
32
SAAG gradient
low (<11g/L) - exudate - malignancy, infection, pancreatitis and nephrotic syndrome high (>11g/L) - transudate - liver cirrhosis, hepatic failure, venous occlusion
33
longer-term systemic corticosteroids
suppress the natural production of endogenous steroids should not be withdrawn abruptly may precipitate an Addisonian crisis
34
poorly controlled hypertension, already taking an ACE inhibitor and a calcium channel blocker
thiazide-like diuretic
35
ptosis + dilated pupil
third nerve palsy
36
ptosis + constricted pupil
Horner's
37
total parenteral nutrition
administered via a central vein as it is strongly phlebitic
38
pseudogout
chondrocalcinosis
39
psoriatic arthritis
asymmetrical polyarthritis - DIP swelling - dactylitis
40
coarctation of the aorta seen in adults
postductal variety - aortic narrowing is distal to the ductus arteriosus
41
aminosalicylates adverse effects
agranulocytosis - FBC is a key investigation
42
adenocarcinoma of the lung
gynaecomastia
43
digoxin side effects
may cause anorexia
44
antipsychotics side effects
acute dystonic reactions - upwards and inward deviation - blinking repeatedly
45
beta-thalassaemia trait
disproportionate microcytic anaemia
46
early sign of LVF
gallop rhythm (S3)
47
meniscal tears diagnosis
MRI
48
appropriate time to take blood samples for therapeutic monitoring of phenytoin
immediately before next dose
49
diabetes mellitus diagnosis
HbA1c of 48 mmol/mol (6.5%)
50
1
1
51
amiodarone side effects
bradycardia interstitial lung fibrosis thyroid (hypo/hyper) corneal deposits hepatitis grey skin
52
metabolic ketoacidosis with normal or low glucose
think alcohol
53
statins should be given to patients with a
Q risk >= 10%
54
west's syndrome
infantile spasms look like colic
55
acute severe hyponatraemia
cerebral oedema
56
painful, bright red rectal bleeding
anal fissure -> bulk forming laxatives
57
complication of Kawasaki disease
coronary artery aneurysm - screened for with an echocardiogram
58
severe pre-eclampsia management
IV magnesium sulphate and plan immediate delivery
59
Churg-Strauss syndrome
- asthma or allergic rhinitis - eosinophilia - vasculitis pANCA positive
60
thrombosed haemorrhoids
stool softeners, ice packs and analgesia
61
kawasaki management
high dose aspirin and a single dose of intravenous immunoglobulin
62
richter's hernia
strangulation without symptoms of obstruction
63
tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) overdose
anti-cholinergic effects - dilated pupils - dry skin - confusion - urinary retention - tachycardia
64
erythema nodosum
no - no cause (idiopathic) d - drugs: penicillin, sulphonamides o - oral contraceptives, pregnancy s - sarcoidosis, TB u - ulcerative colitis/crohns disease, Behcet's m - microbiology - strep, mycoplasma, EBV …
65
felty’s syndrome
RA, splenomegaly and low white cell count
66
long-term prophylaxis of cluster headaches
verapamil
67
unexplained symptoms
Somatisation = Symptoms hypoChondria = Cancer
68
raynaud's phenomenon with extremity ischaemia
Buerger's disease (or thromboangiitis obliterans)
69
patient with hypertension who is already taking an ACE inhibitor + history of gout
calcium channel blocker (instead of a thiazide)
70
first investigation of possible endometrial cancer
trans-vaginal ultrasound scan - measure the endometrial thickness
71
Kyphoscoliosis
restrictive lung defect on spirometry
72
hypokalaemia
U waves borderline PR interval
73
consequence of subarachnoid haemorrhage
SIADH -> hyponatraemia
74
intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
induction of labour at 37 weeks
75
hyperkalaemia
tall 'tented' T waves in the anterior leads
76
AICA vs PICA
aica - hearing loss facial paralysis (motor) - aica facial pain (sensory) - pica pica: horners. dysphagia
77
pancreatic cancer investigation
high resolution CT pancreas
78
Beta-blockers
exacerbate plaque psoriasis
79
monitoring - methotrexate - amiodarone
methotrexate: FBC, LFT, U&E amiodarone: TFT, LFT
80
colorectal cancer (CRC) investigation
Colonoscopy
81
left homonymous hemianopia
right optic radiation or occipital cortex
82
homonymous quadrantanopias
PITS (Parietal-Inferior, Temporal-Superior)
83
incongruous defects
optic tract lesion
84
congruous defects
optic radiation lesion or occipital cortex
85
ITP
Type II hypersensitivity reaction type 2 is antibody-mediated
86
munchausen's syndrome
purposefully causing symptoms
87
galeazzi fracture
dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint with an associated fracture of the radius
88
guttate psoriasis
precipitated by streptococcal throat infection
89
Behcet's
oral ulcers + genital ulcers + anterior uveitis

fourth year last min prep (13 decks)

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