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fourth year last min prep > cardio stuff > Flashcards

cardio stuff Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

how is WPW treated

A

by accessory pathway ablation

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2
Q

what is the most common ECG change in PE

A

sinus tachycardia

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3
Q

what can beta blockers combined with verapamil cause

A

profound bradycardia and systole

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4
Q

what is used for symptomatic bradycardia if atropine fails

A

external pacing

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5
Q

what type of drug means that a patient would need to stop statins

A

macrolide antibiotic

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6
Q

are VF and VT shockable or not

A

shockable

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7
Q

what does ruptured AAA present with

A

present acutely with sudden onset epigastric pain that may radiate to the back, pulsatile mass in abdomen can be felt

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8
Q

who is AAA screening offered to

A

men > 65yrs

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9
Q

how do you diagnose angina

A

clinical history and diagnosis

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10
Q

what can AF predispose a patient to

A

thromboembolism and stroke

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11
Q

athlete suddenly collapses

A

hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

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12
Q

AF on an ecg

A

irregularly irregular QRS and a ragged baseline

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13
Q

atrial flutter on an ecg

A

regular narrow complex tachycardia with saw-tooth baseline

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14
Q

what must serum potassium be below before commencing spironolactone

A

4.5

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15
Q

what is the first line for hypertension in type 2 diabetes

A

ACEi

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16
Q

how many cusps does the aortic valve have

A

3

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17
Q

opening of what valve causes a biphasic waveform in the jugular venous pulse

A

pulmonary valve

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18
Q

what drug improves mortality rates in a patient with heart failure

A

ramipril (ACE inhibitors)

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19
Q

where do mitral sounds radiate

A

the axilla

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20
Q

where do aortic sounds radiate

21
Q

what valve sounds are loudest on expiration

Study These Flashcards
A

mitral and aortic

22
Q

what valve sounds are loudest on inspiration

Study These Flashcards
A

pulmonary and tricuspid

23
Q

what is associated with dilated cardiomyopathy

Study These Flashcards
A

alcohol abuse

24
Q

shutting of what valve causes a biphasic waveform in the jugular vein

Study These Flashcards
A

tricuspid valve

25
where does the thoracic duct drain into
left venous angle
26
how do you calculate ejection fraction
SV/end diastolic volume
27
which type of blood vessel has the highest SVR
arterioles
28
what does creatine kinase test for
MI
29
what is duplex USS used to investigate
AAA
30
what connects iliac arteries to the placenta
umbilical artery
31
what allows blood to move from the right atrium to the left atrium
foramen ovale
32
what do you do if a patient has an INR > 8
stop warfarin, give intravenous vitamin K 1-3mg, repeat dose of vitamin K if INR high after 24 hours, restart when INR < 5.0
33
what could indicate aortic dissection
Tearing chest pain, a diastolic murmur (suggesting aortic regurgitation) and a widened mediastinum
34
signs of hyperkalaemia
painful bones, renal stones, abdominal groans and psychic moans
35
what would be seen on an echocardiogram in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
apical ballooning of myocardium (resembling an octopus pot)
36
what should be offered as part of the broad lifestyle approach to heart failure
annual influenza vaccine
37
what should all patients with an NSTEMI receive as initial treatment
300mg of aspirin
38
what hormone does the heart produce under stretched conditions
BNP
39
what does a pulsus paradoxus heart sound indicate
cardiac tamponade
40
how should hyponatraemia be treated at first
by restricting fluid intake | if this fails then saline
41
what does muffled heart sounds probably mean
fluid in the pericardial sac, so cardiac tamponade
42
first line investigation for heart failure
serum BNP levels
43
what causes elevated JVP with large V waves and a pansystolic murmur
tricuspid regurgitation
44
whats another name for left anterior descending artery
anterior interventricular artery
45
what is the preferred management for prevention of CVD
atorvastatin 80 mg for type 2 diabetes 20mg everyone else
46
whats the pulse in septic shock like
bounding
47
can you get T wave inversion in SVT
yes
48
when do the microscopic changes of an acute MI first become visible
12-24 hours after the infarct
49
whats an indication for a permanent pacemaker
third degree AV block

fourth year last min prep (13 decks)

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