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History since 1500 final exam > 1 > Flashcards

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1
Q

was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1924 and of the Soviet

A

Vladimir Lenin

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2
Q

a Russian lawyer and revolutionary who led the Russian Provisional Government and the short-lived Russian Republic for three months from late July to early November.

A

Alexander Kerensky

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3
Q

Majority faction of the Russian Social Democratic Party, later renamed the Communist Party.

A

Bolsheviks

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4
Q

a Soviet revolutionary and politician who was the leader of the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union.

A

Joseph Stalin

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5
Q

Seizure of power by the Bolshevik Party, inaugurating the Soviet regime.

A

October Revolution

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6
Q

Elected council in the former Soviet Union, or a citizen of the former Soviet Union.

A

Soviet

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7
Q

New Economic Policy implemented in Soviet Russia.

A

NEP

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8
Q

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the official name of the former Soviet Union.

A

USSR

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9
Q

Separate peace treaty between Soviet Russia and the Central Powers, ending Russia’s involvement in World War I.

A

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

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10
Q

Organization of a country’s production and industry into government ownership and management.

A

Collectivization

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11
Q

System of labor camps in the Soviet Union, resulting in many deaths.

A

Gulag

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12
Q

Chinese politician, Marxist theorist, military strategist, poet, and revolutionary who was the founder of the People’s Republic of China

A

Mao Zedong

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13
Q

Five-year plan of forced agricultural collectivization and rural industrialization in China.

A

Great Leap Forward

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14
Q

Mass, student-led, paramilitary social movement during China’s Cultural Revolution.

A

Red Guards

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15
Q

Sociopolitical movement in the People’s Republic of China initiated by Mao Zedong.

A

Cultural Revolution

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16
Q

Group that controlled the power organs of the CCP during China’s Cultural Revolution.

A

Gang of Four

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17
Q

Goals announced by China’s Premier Zhou Enlai to strengthen agriculture, industry, defense, and science and technology.

A

Four Modernizations

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18
Q

a Chinese revolutionary, statesman and revisionist who served as the paramount leader of the People’s Republic of China from December 1978 to November 1989

A

Deng Xiaoping

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19
Q

Site of peaceful protests for political and economic reform in China.

A

Tiananmen Square

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20
Q

Term describing the increased interconnectivity of the world through trade and technology.

A

Globalization

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21
Q

Island that experienced economic growth after the national government moved there.

A

Taiwan

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22
Q

Loyalty and devotion to a nation.

A

Nationalism

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23
Q

Period of intensified imperialistic expansion from the late 19th century until World War I.

A

New Imperialism

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24
Q

European countries’ acquisition of nearly all of the African continent as part of their empires.

A

Scramble for Africa

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25
Phase of rapid scientific discovery, mass production, and industrialization in the late 19th to early 20th century.
Second Wave Industrialization
26
Process of building the first nation-state for Germans based on the concept of Lesser Germany.
German Unification
27
Conflict between the Second French Empire and the North German Confederation led by Prussia.
Franco-Prussian War
28
Political and social movement that resulted in the consolidation of different states into the Kingdom of Italy.
Italian Unification
29
The foremost military figure and popular hero of the age of Italian unification known as the Risorgimento he is deemed one of the makers of Modern Italy.
Giuseppe Garibaldi
30
an Italian politician, journalist, and activist for the unification of Italy and spearhead of the Italian revolutionary movement.
Giuseppe Mazzini
31
Africa's oldest independent country with over 3000 years of history.
Ethiopia
32
Detachment of the Force Publique that joined British and French forces in attacking German Cameroon.
Congo
33
Country that wanted to participate in World War II but the United States did not act in time.
Philippines
34
English naturalist known for his contributions to evolutionary biology.
Charles Darwin
35
Conflict fought between the British Empire and the two Boer Republics in Southern Africa.
Boer War
36
Process by which different species develop and diversify from earlier forms.
Evolution
37
Heir to the Austro-Hungarian imperial throne whose assassination sparked World War I.
Franz Ferdinand
38
Monarchy that employed a significant portion of its forces in World War I.
Serbia
39
Term associated with the events leading up to World War I.
Powder Keg
40
Coalition of countries opposing the Axis powers during World War II.
Allied Powers
41
Military alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire during World War I.
Central Powers
42
Combat in which opposing sides attack and defend from systems of trenches.
Trench Warfare
43
Advancements in artillery, machine guns, tanks, explosives, chemical weapons, airplanes, and medical technology.
New Technologies WW1
44
Feudalism effectively ended by the 16th century due to military shifts and the Black Death.
End of Feudalism
45
Treaty ending World War I, requiring Germany to pay reparations, disarm, lose territory, and give up colonies.
Treaty of Versailles
46
Desire by one state to annex a territory of another state.
Irredentism
47
Italian poet, playwright, journalist, and military officer during World War I.
Gabriele D'Annunzio
48
Global conflict following the Great Depression, involving major powers and resulting in significant geopolitical changes.
World War II
49
Global economic collapse triggered by the New York Stock Market Crash.
Great Depression
50
Act of giving in to aggressive demands to maintain peace.
Appeasement
51
Military tactic of quick, overwhelming attacks to achieve rapid victory.
Blitzkrieg
52
Research program during World War II to develop nuclear weapons.
Manhattan Project
53
Unrestricted war in terms of weapons, territory, combatants, and objectives.
Total War
54
Deliberate killing of a large number of people from a particular nation or ethnic group.
Genocide
55
Genocide of European Jews during World War II.
Holocaust
56
World's first long-range guided ballistic missile.
V-2 Rocket
57
German bombing campaign targeting the United Kingdom during World War II.
The Blitz
58
Non-aggression pact signed by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union before World War II.
Nazi-Soviet Pact
59
Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II.
Operation Barbarossa
60
Major battle on the Eastern Front between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union.
Stalingrad
61
Largest amphibious invasion in history during World War II.
D-Day
62
Meeting of Allied leaders to set up zones of control and inform Japan of the consequences of refusal to surrender.
Potsdam Conference
63
Surprise attack by Japan on the United States, leading to U.S. entry into World War II.
Pearl Harbor
64
Cities in Japan where the United States dropped atomic bombs.
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
65
U.S. aid program to help European nations recover after World War II.
Marshall Plan
66
International organization for maintaining peace and security.
United Nations
67
Term for the U.S. industry as the primary supplier of material for the Allied war effort.
Arsenal of Democracy
68
Members of irregular military forces opposing foreign control of an area.
Partisans
69
Coalition of Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II.
Axis Powers
70
Spanish military general who led the Nationalist forces during the Spanish Civil War.
Francisco Franco
71
International criminal tribunals to prosecute war crimes after World War II.
Nuremberg and Tokyo Trials
72
Period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union.
Cold War
73
War instigated by a major power without direct involvement.
Proxy War
74
Collective defense treaty established by the Soviet Union and satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe.
Warsaw Pact
75
Military alliance of North American and European countries.
NATO
76
Concrete barrier encircling West Berlin during the Cold War.
Berlin Wall
77
Confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union over missiles in Cuba.
Cuban Missile Crisis
78
Competition between nations for superiority in weapon development and accumulation.
Arms Race
79
Ballistic missile with a range greater than 5,500 kilometers.
ICBM
80
First artificial Earth satellite launched by the Soviet Union.
Sputnik
81
Competition between the United States and the Soviet Union for space exploration.
Space Race
82
Armed conflict in the Soviet-controlled Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
Soviet War in Afghanistan
83
First non-Italian pope who protested communism.
John Paul II
84
Period of political liberalization and mass protest in Czechoslovakia.
Prague Spring
85
Support for each other, especially in political or international affairs.
Solidarity
86
Leader of the Solidarity movement that ended Communist rule in Poland.
Lech Walesa
87
Soviet politician who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party.
Leonid Brezhnev
88
Oil shock causing energy prices to skyrocket and fuel shortages in the United States.
1973 Oil Crisis
89
Series of events leading to the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty in Iran.
Iranian Revolution
90
Diplomatic standoff between Iran and the United States.
Hostage Crisis
91
Conflict between North and South Vietnam, involving major powers.
Vietnam War
92
Forum of countries not aligned with any major power bloc.
Non-Aligned Movement
93
Historic events leading to the end of British rule in India.
Indian Independence
94
Invasion of Egypt and Gaza Strip by Israel, the United Kingdom, and France.
Suez Crisis
95
Egyptian military officer and politician who served as the second president of Egypt.
Gamal Abdel Nasser
96
Treaty to promote integration and economic growth in Europe.
Treaty of Rome
97
Yugoslav communist revolutionary and politician.
Josip Broz Tito
98
1953 Iranian coup d'état orchestrated by the U.S. and the UK.
Operation Ajax
99
The process by which colonies become independent of the colonizing country.
Decolonization
100
Co-wrote The Communist Manifesto and authored Das Kapital, forming the basis of Marxism.
Karl Marx
101
German philosopher and collaborator of Karl Marx, defining modern communism.
Friedrich Engels
102
Political theory advocating class war and public ownership of property.
Communism
103
Russian revolutionary anarchist, influential figure in anarchism.
Mikhail Bakunin
104
French socialist, philosopher, and economist, considered the 'father of anarchism'.
Pierre Proudhon
105
Political theory advocating the abolition of hierarchical government and voluntary cooperation.
Anarchism
106
Welsh textile manufacturer, philanthropist, and founder of utopian socialism.
Robert Owen
107
French philosopher and influential early socialist thinker.
Charles Fourier
108
Political philosophy advocating social ownership of means of production.
Socialism
109
Italian dictator and founder of the National Fascist Party.
Benito Mussolini
110
German dictator and leader of the Nazi Party.
Adolf Hitler
111
Society organized under a dictator's rule, suppressing dissent.
Fascism
112
Emperor of Russia, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland from 2 March 1855 until his assassination in 1881. His most significant reform as emperor was the emancipation of Russia's serfs in 1861.
Alexander II
113
the last Emperor of Russia, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland from 1 November 1894 until his abdication on 15 March 1917. During his reign, gave support to the economic and political reforms promoted by his prime ministers,
Nicholas II

History since 1500 final exam (1 decks)

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