1. pericardium 2. endocardium 3. myocardium 4. epicardium

1 Flashcards by Thaleah Kaye Parcon

mHallow, muscular organ located in the center of the thorax, between the lungs (mediastinum), and rests on the diaphragm]

Heart

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Rate of heart

60-80bpm

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sac that encloses the heart

pericardium

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layers of the heart

pericardium
endocardium
myocardium
epicardium

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Chambers of the heart

right atrium
right ventricle
left atrium
left ventricle

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receives deoxygenated blood

right atrium

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pumps blood to the lungs

right ventricle

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receives blood from the lungs

left atrium

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pumps blood out to the entire body

left ventricle

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what are the valves:

antrioventricular valves
semilunar valves
pulmonary valves
aortic valves

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Tricuspid; between the right atrium and ventricle

atrioventricular valves

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pumps blood to the lungs

semilunar valves

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between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

pulmonary valved

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Fibrous tissue that separates the heart into left and right

septum

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large vein that returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium from the head, neck and upper chest and arms

SVC

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Large vein that returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium from the lower chest, abdomen, and legs

IVC

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Carries unoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

pulmonary arteries

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Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atria

Pulmonary veins

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Amount of blood pumped by each ventricles during each given period

cardiac output

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formula of cardiac output

stroke volume x heart rate

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amount of blood ejected per heartbeat

stroke volume

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average volume of stroke volume

70ml

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control of cardiac output

preload, afterload, contractility

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Degree of stretch of cardiac muscle fibersin the end of diastole

preload

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amount of resistance to ejection of blood from ventricle

afterload

forces generated by the contracting myocardium under any given condition

contractility

Written record of electrical voltages generated by the contracting heart

ECG

ECG Provides information about the following:

Heart rate and rhythm State of myocardium Presence or absence of hypertrophy Ischemia or necrosis Abnormalities of conduction

Furnish an accurate picture of the size of the heart size and the contour and size of heart chambers

XRAY

Reveal fluid collecting in the lungs or pulmonary artery from cardiac failure

XRAY

XRAY CONFRIM PLACEMENT OF

pacemaker

Ultrasound cardiography

echocardiography

High-frequency sound waves directed toward the heart are used to locate and study the movement and dimensions of cardiac structures

echocardiography

Diagram of heart sounds translated into electrical energy by a microphone placed on the child’s chest and then recorded as a diagrammatic representation of heart sounds

phonocardiography

Using treadmill walking to demonstrate that the pulmonary circulation can increase to meet the increased respiratory demands of exercise

exercise testing

laboratory test

CBC, ABG, clotting bleeding time, electrolyte determination

structural malformation of heart or great vessels

congenital heart disorders

2 classification of congenital heart disease

acyanotic heart disease, cyanotic heart disease

involves heart or circulatory anomalies that involve stricture to flow of blood or shunt that moves from arterial to venous system

ACHD

Occurs ewhen blood is shunted from venous to arterial system as a result of abnormal communication between the two systems

cyanotic HD

Opening is present in the septum between the two ventricles

VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT

management of VSD

cardiac catheter open surgery extracorporeal circulation

what is under open heart surgery in VSD

purse string sclosure silastic patch give antibiotic to avoid infection

abnormal communication between 2 atria

ASD

2 types of ASD

ostium primum asd1 ostium secundum asd2

management to ASD

open surgery purse string silastic patch

Endocardial Cushion Defect

ATRIOVENTRICULAR CANAL DEFECT

Incomplete fusion of the heart at the junction of the atria and ventricles

ATRIOVENTRICULAR CANAL DEFECT

open heart surgery in AV CD

septal and valve repair pulmonary artery binding

management to AV CD

OPEN HEART SURGERY ANTICOAGULANTS

prevent hemolysis of RBC by constructed valves

anticoagulant

Failure of the ductus arteriosus to close at birth

patent ductus arteriosus

management to ductus arteriosus

Iv indomethacin/ ibuprofen Insertion of dacron coated stainless coils ductal ligation of thoractomy

complication of patent ducteriosus

HF and endocarditis

Stricture of the aortic valve

aortic stenosis

balloon tipped catheter is inflated on stenosed valve

balloon angioplasty

narrowing of pulmonary valve or pulmonary artery just distal to valve

pulmonary stenosis

managment to pulmonary stenosis

balloon angioplasty

management of aortic stenosis

stabilization of beta blockers. CCB balloon valculoplasty artificial valve replacement

(distal to the ductus arteriosus

post ductal

Dividing the stenotic valve

Balloon Valvuloplasty

Dilating an accompanying constrictive aortic ring can be used for severe defect

Balloon Valvuloplasty

between subclavian artery and ductus arteriosus

preductal

location of COARCTATION OF THE AORTA

preductal postductal

Narrowing of the lumen of the aorta due to constricting band

COARCTATION OF THE AORTA

management of coarctation of aorta

balloon catheter surgery digoxin &diuretics

englarge the foramen ovale PGE

balloon atrial septal pull through procedure

procedure to ope a hole in the septal wall dividing the left and right atria

balloon atrial septostomy (rashkind procedure)

one major artery or trunk arises from left/right ventricles in place of separate aorta and pulmonary artery vessels

truncus arteriosus

it accompany ventricular septal defect

truncus arteriosus

place between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

conduit

non functional left ventricle with accompanyinhg mitral or aortic valve atresia

hypoplatic left heart syndrom

management of hypoplastic left heart syndrom

prostaglandins initiagted nitrogen norwood procedure heart transplantation

complete closure of tricuspid valve

tricuspid atresia

management of tricuspid atresia

PGE Surgery (Glenn fontan procedure)

Construction of the vena-cava to pulmonary artery shunt

Glenn-Fontan Procedure

Compose of 4 disorder

TETRALOGY OF FALLOT

4 disordes of TETRALOGY OF FALLOT

Pulmonary stenosis Ventricular-Septal Defect Dextroposition of the Aorta Hypertrophy of the Right Ventricle

can create a shunt between the aorta and the pulmonary artery with the use pf the subclavian artery

Blalock-Taussig

transventricular valvotomy or pulmonary valvotomy

Brock procedure

percutaneous insertion of melody valve

brock procedure

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