1&2

Question 1

What is Intensive Agriculture?

Answer 1

A form of farming that requires farmers to expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum possible yield from a unit of land.

Question 2

Define Market Gardening.

Answer 2

When fruits and vegetables are grown near an urban market and sold to local suppliers, stores, & restaurants.

Question 3

What is Extensive Agriculture?

Answer 3

Type of agriculture that requires large areas of land and minimal labor per unit of land.

Question 4

Define Nomadic Herding.

Answer 4

The continual movement of livestock in search of forage for animals.

Question 5

What is Plantation Agriculture?

Answer 5

A large farm that specializes in one or two crops.

Question 6

Define Shifting Cultivation.

Answer 6

A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period.

Question 7

What is Transhumance?

Answer 7

The seasonal herding of animals from higher elevations in the summer to lower elevations and valleys in the winter.

Question 8

Define Ranching.

Answer 8

The commercial grazing of animals confined to a specific area.

Question 9

What is Subsistence Agriculture?

Answer 9

The production of only enough food to feed the farmer’s family.

Question 10

Define Commercial Agriculture.

Answer 10

The production of food surpluses, with most crops destined for sale to people outside the farmer’s family.

Question 11

What is Dairy Farming?

Answer 11

The raising of livestock, most commonly cows and goats, for products such as milk, cheese, and butter.

Question 12

Define Milk Shed.

Answer 12

The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied.

Question 13

What is Grain Farming?

Answer 13

In regions too dry for mixed crop agriculture, farmers raise crops such as wheat, barley, and millet.

Question 14

Define Mediterranean Agriculture.

Answer 14

A specialized farming that occurs only in areas where the dry summer Mediterranean climate prevails.

Question 15

What is Mixed Crop and Livestock?

Answer 15

An integrated agricultural system that demonstrates interdependence between crops and animals.

Question 16

Define Mechanized Farming.

Answer 16

New inventions such as tractors, tillers, broadcast seeders, and grain carts were introduced to assist in the production of food.

Question 17

What is a Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)?

Answer 17

A process by which humans use engineering techniques to change the DNA of a seed.

Question 18

Define Third Agricultural Revolution.

Answer 18

A movement that involved hybridization and genetic engineering of products and the increased use of pesticides and fertilizers.

Question 19

What does Yield refer to?

Answer 19

A measurement of the amount of agricultural production harvested per unit of land area.

Question 20

Define Hybridization.

Answer 20

The process of breeding two plants that have desirable characteristics to produce a single seed with both characteristics.

Question 21

What is the Green Revolution?

Answer 21

A response to an exponential increase in the global human population and advances in technology that allowed for the mass production of chemical fertilizers.

Question 22

What is monocropping?

Answer 22

An agricultural practice of growing a single crop repeatedly on the same land.

Monocropping can lead to soil depletion and increased vulnerability to pests.

Question 23

What does Bid Rent theory explain?

Answer 23

How the price and demand on real estate changes as the distance towards the CBD increases.

Bid Rent theory illustrates urban land use and economic behavior.

Question 24

What is an agricultural hearth?

Answer 24

Where farming practices originated.

Major agricultural hearths include regions in the Fertile Crescent, Mesoamerica, and East Asia.

Question 25

Define the Columbian Exchange.

Answer 25

The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world. ## Footnote This exchange had profound impacts on global agriculture and demographics.

Question 26

What does the Neolithic Revolution signify?

Answer 26

The transition of human society from wandering hunter-gatherer societies into settled agricultural communities. ## Footnote This period marked significant advancements in farming techniques and societal organization.

Question 27

What is plant domestication?

Answer 27

The process by which wild plants are cultivated into productive crops, often with more desirable traits. ## Footnote This process has led to the development of staple crops such as wheat and rice.

Question 28

Define animal domestication.

Answer 28

The process by which wild animals are cultivated into a resource supply for humans, often resulting in physical and behavioral changes. ## Footnote Commonly domesticated animals include dogs, cattle, and sheep.

Question 29

What is the Second Agricultural Revolution?

Answer 29

The increased productivity of farming through mechanization and access to market areas due to better transportation. ## Footnote This revolution significantly improved agricultural efficiency and output.

Question 30

Define Crop Rotation.

Answer 30

The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil. ## Footnote This technique helps maintain soil fertility and reduces pest and disease buildup.

Question 31

What does Enclosure refer to in agriculture?

Answer 31

Fencing or hedging large blocks of land. ## Footnote Enclosure movements transformed the landscape and agricultural practices in many regions.

Question 32

Define Irrigation.

Answer 32

The increased productivity of farming through mechanization and access to market areas due to better transportation. ## Footnote Irrigation techniques allow for the controlled application of water to crops, enhancing growth.