1-2-3 Flashcards
Columbian Exchange
“The Columbian Exchange refers to the exchange of diseases, ideas, food. crops, and populations between the New World and the Old World following the voyage to the Americas by Christopher Columbus in 1492.”
Spanish Empire- God, gold, glory
The Spanish were the first to understand the potential of the Americas other than another route to Asia (God, Gold, Glory). They claimed the New World for themselves and colonized; conquistadors like Hernando Cortes and Francisco Pizarro conquered natives like the Aztec and Inca. Fought with natives a decent amount but eventually made peace with them, wouldn’t matter much since Spanish pop. grew while natives shrunk. Most explorers came for gold and silver, and had super successful mines. Others farmed, and permanent settlements were created. Others came as missionaries, causing Catholicism to rise in the area. However, there were few families or permanent settlers, so the Americas were mostly used for money. Grew cash crops like sugar.
English Transplantations
Jamestown, puritans ykyk
Interactions between Africans and americans
Most African slaves came from guinea against their will, often as prisoners of a rival tribe who sold them to white people on the coast. Africa was less interconnected and had strong tribal bonds, but really only trade outside of that. They had slaves in Africa too, but they were mostly prisoners of war and their bondage would not carry onto their children. The African slave trade had started before the new world, but increased dramatically when they needed more workers to harvest sugarcane. In America, they created rich culture combining their traditions back home with Christianity they learned in the US
INcentives for English to colonize
RELIGION: lots of fighting back in england and no freedom of religion. Protestant reformation caused church to be divided, and new sects like Puritans faced lots of oppression. Wanted to be allowed to practice their religion, moved to New WorldECONOMIC: Worldwide demands for wool was converting cropland to sheep land. This caused a food deficit and people sold their land in return to move to the New WorldDon’t forget their idea of Mercantilism: colonies have economic benefits (sell lots and buy little)
French/Dutch Empires
The french first settled in Quebec, created close ties with the natives and lived among them. Many were coureurs de bois (fur traders) and were crucial to their economy. THis would lead to many French settlements on rivers. The dutch basically did the same but on the Hudson River in New Amsterdam.
Jamestown
The first English settlement in the New World, which was partly because they were afraid of spain who was already there. They settled in Virginia (104/144 who started the journey) and thought the natives were useless so they didn’t attempt relations with them. However, they didn’t know how to farm in Virginia, so they needed to lean on the natives to learn how to farm there. The colony might have died out if it wasn’t for Captain John Smith, who kept them orderly until a ship came with resources and more people. (only 38 original men were left). THeir shaky relationship with the natives got worse because they stole corn from the Powatans, and in turn the Powatans killed their animals. However, Jamestown would last for over a decade.
House of Burgesses
In the colonies around Jamestown, the Virginia COmpany took the lead to take poor people over in exchange for working for them. They grew tobacco, had craftsmen and families, etc. They were promised the full rights of Englishman, and had their own gov. called the House of Burgesses (which would make important decisions later on)
Mayflower Compact
In the Plymouth Puritan settlement. Had many hardships like winter and getting lost, but stayed together because of the help of the natives. Formed a government and pact through the Mayflower compact
New England Town Meetings
A big part of government, where everyone would meet about once a year and people could discuss and bring up topics they wanted to address or change
Joint stock companies and proprietors
Carolinas started as 8 proprietors, who then gave land to others and tried to found a system similar to other colonies. Idk where we’ve mentioned Joint stock companies before, but they were companies that had multiple shareholders who all participated and funded a the company
Colonial Origins: PA
Started as an English Protestant group escaping oppression and England (sect of friends). Also known as the Quakers, and were different from Puritans because they rejected predestination/original sin. They had a no violence philosophyWere granted Pennsylvania as a colony (they were somewhat rich). known as a cosmopolitan colony due to William Penn’s good advertising, recruiting and planning of the colonyhad lots of fertile land and a good climate, and their relationship with the natives was originally very goodtowards the end, delaware would split of and become independent
Colonial Origins: NY
Had a GREAT harbor (NYC) with the Hudson connected (Great trade). Had pretty fertile soil and patroons (landowners) had basically fiefdoms in NYNew Amsterdam was Dutch and very religiously tolerant, they were focused on business. THus, the area was very diverseThe English gave NY to the Duke of NY, which caused tension since the Dutch already owned it and it led to more conflict
Colonial Origins: CT
Not that important really; was founded during the expansion of New England when people wanted to escape the melding of church and state happening in other places. The Connecticut river valley was a good place for this
Colonial Origins: GE
Originally kinda sorta belonged to Spain but became an English colony that was like a barrier. It was for people who were poor, in jails or in debt back in England to use as a fresh start. Landholding sizes were small to make it easier to defend against attacks, and slave labor was uncommon to prevent revolts. Additionally, no Catholics were around since the Spanish were catholic
