7-8-9-10 NEW

Question 1

Industrial Revolution

Answer 1

Changed society as a whole; steamboats were important to transportation and their success was only increased by NE’s rivers. Skilled tradesmen and religion became less important, merchants became more important. EVERYONE in a family had to work.

Question 2

Barbary pirates

Answer 2

The coast of Africa was chaotic and full of pirates who used protection rackets (if you don’t pay we destroy your stuff). Jefferson refused these bribes, pirates retaliated by taking hostages. Jefferson plans a military attack, but before it is executed a treaty is signed .

Question 3

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 3

originally the US was allowed to use the Mississippi for trade while it was owned by Spain. When France takes over it is bad for us. While France/Napoleon are dealing with distractions in Europe, they offer a deal to Jefferson and offer the entire Louisiana territory instead of just new Orleans. They take this deal and it doubles the nations size

Question 4

Lewis and Clark

Answer 4

Expedition to explore the new territory- brings people who are great hunters/speak native languages. Often camped with natives but got STDs, used Rush’s pills (which were literally mercury). Lewis was supposed to write a paper for TJ, but had writers block, couldn’t do it and killed himself. Take back floral samples and even live animals. They learn they cannot go through the rocky mountains for trade.

Question 5

Pike’s expedition

Answer 5

Goes into Spanish territory, explores a bit and goes home (after some conflict). Said it was basically all desert, which wasn’t at all true but stopped a lot of white settlement there. Thus, natives thrived here.

Question 6

Sacajawea

Answer 6

Sold into marriage from tribe to a weird and unhelpful guy who was recruited for Lewis & Clark as a language guy. Sacajawea was much more important, she got them horses (from a brother) and made peace between tribes and explorers for trade. She also saved Lewis’ journal from the water one time, which was crucial.

Question 7

Jefferson’s assimilation policy

Answer 7

wanted to let native Americans assimilate into American society if the “civilized” themselves. This would help the fur trade

Question 8

Battle of Tippecanoe

Answer 8

Tecumseh: unifier of the tribes who wants to fight the colonies. Diplomatic and military leaderTenskwatawa: his brother. Kind of a failure in life and not good at much. Had a “vision” that told him to renounce western ways. Develops a religion these two create a group that defined native ways from white influence. However, Harrison attacks when Tecumseh is out recruiting, the rest are not prepared. the prophet doesn’t do much and people loose faith in him

Question 9

War fever grows

Answer 9

Hawkish = for war, dove = for peaceHenry clay wants war with Britain because he wants more land to farm on and wants Canada. John C Calhoun is the same because he wants Florida from Spain. This is all kind of dumb because we have practically no military and it would harm our foreign relations.

Question 10

War of 1812

Answer 10

Britain is mad that we are trading with everyone except them, so we “stumble into the war.” they try to defeat us with a three pronged attack but yet again it doesn’t work. The gov. tries to get out troops to invade Canada but they’re like nah we came here to defend not invade so it’s a total failure. They cut off American commerce by blocking New England, which succeeds, but they try it with the Mississippi river and this fails. the Battle of New Orleans introduces A. Jackson as a strong leader, British had a weak one so they failed. However, Ghent had been signed already so there was no reason for this fighting.

Question 11

Treaty of Ghent

Answer 11

The British insist we do not claim any land that we took from the natives (we say yes but don’t really do it, and the British don’t care enough to enforce it).They also say they will not pay reparations (fine ig) There is no cause of war anymore, and this allows Britain and the US to start fresh.

Question 12

Hartford convention

Answer 12

The war is unpopular in NE bc they are federalists and it hurts trade. They decide to take action and gather in Hartford, where they create a report that criticizes the war and don’t support it. They draft a few amendments protecting trade and publish it. However, this report comes out right around the same time as the battle of new Orleans and the treaty of Ghent and This makes them look unpatriotic, whiny, and perhaps treasonous. Basically the death of the Federalist Party

Question 13

rush-bagot treaty

Answer 13

Demilitarized the great lakes, which were previously fought on. Becomes the longest undefended border between nations, which has greatly improved our relationship with Britain then Canada

Question 14

developments post-war 1812

Answer 14

• Congress is going to make a standing army that is ⅓ the size of a wartime army, but still 3x the size of Jefferson’s peacetime army- Sign a trade agreement with Britain Basically, from then to now, our relationship with the British has been pretty good since- Tecumseh is killed in battle and this is bad for the resisting natives- national road created / first real bridge across Appalachia

Question 15

John Jacob Astor

Answer 15

(copy and pasted bc idk if we need to know him)Basically the Jeff Bezos of his time, monopolizes the fur trade“If i can take these trappers away from other buyers I will get all of the furs”Was going to undersell so he could get the best furs and then sell them for cheap, drive out competitionMost of these fur guys are french/native descendants of cours de boisMain competition was a british companyAstor realizes that the fur trade is dying and is less popular, becomes a real estate agent in NYC

Question 16

great plains expedition

Answer 16

Sends out Stephen long to explore, who called it the “great American desert”It’s not really, but it keeps American colonists out. Thus, the native populations here flourish and get really powerfulWhen the US realizes how good the land is and tries to take it over, these tribes are much harder to get rid of. they are devastated by smallpox and other diseases so it works

Question 17

Monroe’s cabinet

Answer 17

Has a very diverse cabinet (all white men tho haha lolzies)Secretary of state is John Quincy Adams (former federalist, northerner)Secretary of War is John Calhoun (former warhawk, southerner)With the federalists being gone this eases a lot of former federalists fears

Question 18

john Quincy Addams

Answer 18

many slaves are finding safety in Florida, which the Americans don’t like. They invade and kill a few British people, which makes the Spanish and British unhappy. Adams makes this work by accusing them of not controlling their natives and threatens to send in a military force. This works and the Spanish eventually sell Florida to the USA (Adams-Onis treaty)

Question 19

Panic of 1819

Answer 19

1. rising prices for American farm goods because of Napoleonic wars in Europe, which creates a land boom in the US west and economic growth2. US gov sells millions of acres of land for farming. However, spectators buy the land and resell it for a huge profit.3. once napoleon is defeated, there is less demand for American products (a recession)4. Banks had loaned out so much money to fund this, and all of a sudden people couldn’t pay it back. They had issued notes that were not backed up by anything instead of real currency, so no one could tell what was real and what was fake5. when the second US bank is made, they call in loans which people cannot pay, which causes people to take their money out of the bank. Banks can’t handle this so they close6. you can see where this goes basically7. another protective tariff is passed which hurts moreyay depression!

Question 20

Nationalism vs sectionalism

Answer 20

Sectional divide between the north and south, defined by slavery Southerners want to bring their slaves into this new territory, but the north wants evenness between slave and free statesThey create a line; above the line slavery is banned, below it is allowed

Question 21

Missouri compromise

Answer 21

Missouri wants to join as a slave state, which is not allowed because it upsets the balance of free and slave states and is also above the line. To make this work, they add Maine in as a free state and Missouri as a slave state. Everyone is happy yay

Question 22

Supreme court under John Marshall

Answer 22

Strengthened nationalism. The most important judge in history, and focused on strengthening national government, promoting federalism, supporting commercial growth

Question 23

McCulloch v Maryland

Answer 23

State wants to tax a national bank, they think it’s unconstitutional. This is because the power to tax means the power to destroy, and a state should not be able to do thatStrengthened Federal law over state law

Question 24

Gibbons v. Ogden

Answer 24

Ogden is given a charter that basically allows him to have a monopoly over the ferry business on this river. Gibbons opens up another business on the same river despite the charter. Because the river goes between two states, only congress can control interstate commerce, meaning that the charter from one state is not constitutionalOnce again strengthens federal law over state law

Question 25

Dartmouth v. Woodward

Answer 25

Dartmouth is a private college, and the state wants to make it into a state university while some trustees want it to stay private. They are in favor of Dartmouth, so it stays private because of a charter they had that promised thisThis makes contracts have more power and become more inviolable

Question 26

Worcester v. Georgia

Answer 26

Worcester is a Christian missionary who is liked by natives and he likes themGeorgia was trying to perform an ethnic cleansing of the tribes, wanted the land. Worcester was arrested by Georgians on native land, and Cherokees sue because the Cherokee are like a state, and it’s their land so Georgians cannot arrest people thereCourt rules in favor of that, says that the central gov.’s relationship with the natives is like a guardian and its ward

Question 27

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 27

Europe will not accept any new colonies in the western hemisphere. In return, the united states promises to not get involved in European affairs

Question 28

Election of 1824

Answer 28

Era of good feelings coming to an end, One party system declined. The candidates were:William H. Crawford, kind of unimportantHenry Clay (speaker of the house). Runs while he is a speaker, so he has a decent amount of influence. He still had lots of say as the speaker even though he doesn’t winJohn Quincy Adams (Secretary of state) son of a president, did well as secretary, will win the electionAndrew Jackson (senator) paints himself as a man of the people, but he was actually incredibly wealthyJackson wins the popular vote, but when Clay gets out he sends his voters to vote for Adams instead so he gets the presidency (cue a huge rivalry). Clay becomes secretary of state which is sketch.

Question 29

Andrew Jackson as “one of the common people

Answer 29

Jackson seeks to promote the sense that he’s “one of the common people”1) Jackson invites people into the white house in a “people retaking the Whitehouse” kind of thing. Obviously, they go in and trash the place2) “to the victor goes the spoils” which creates the spoils system. Many new people are promoted to positions and gets rid of the people who were old and were not as strong of supporters even if they do their job wellEventually replaced by the civil service system.

Question 30

Caucus system

Answer 30

Used to be that Caucus meetings would be led by party leaders in congress, who picked candidates for presidentNow, party members vote for delegates to a convention to pick the candidate (which is much more democratic) and the conventions are used as publicity for the newly voted for candidates

Question 31

John C. Calhoun

Answer 31

Jackson’s vice president, wants to be president in the future.South Carolina, his home state, is highly opposed to the Tariff of 1828 (which puts taxes on manufactured goods which south Carolina doesn’t make) Calhoun supported the Nullification over the Tariff of 1828, but did not favor secession like some radicals in SC. However, this still puts him on thin ice with Jackson

Question 32

Martin Van Buren

Answer 32

Jackson’s secretary of state. Jackson felt indebted to Van Buren (dont remember why) so he gave him this position. Van Buren is favored over Calhoun, because of Jackson’s campaign and the Eaton Affair

Question 33

nullification crisis

Answer 33

Jackson asserts that the Tariff must be enforced in SC, and if not, they would send in a military force. Henry clay puts forward a compromise: the Tariff of 1832 which reduces the taxes and the force bill is nullified

Question 34

Indian removal act

Answer 34

Saw the pressure the natives were under from white settlers. Thought it would be better to PAY them for their lands and lets them leave to an area they can live peacefully (still messed up but ig better than just making them leave)They do this for those who are willing, ex Some Cherokee take this deal as well as millions of dollars and head west (Oklahoma). However, the Cherokee that stayed behind are eventually forced to move anyways without compensation and suffer greatly

Question 35

Cherokee civil war

Answer 35

The newer cherokee blame jackson, but also the cherokee who got to oklahoma earlierThey start assassinating the older cherokee but eventually reach a peaceWHen the actual civil war happens, some join the union others the confederacy because they also practiced slavery

Question 36

Seminole wars

Answer 36

One of the civilized tribes, but fought the government many times . Fought guerilla wars, and lived in the Everglades which was a great advantage for them . Led by Osceola, who was a GREAT military leader. Americans couldn’t beat him, so they had him come in to negotiate and they instead arrested him which was lowkey mean

Question 37

the bank war

Answer 37

Jackson HATED the national bank and thought it was dominated by the elite NE rich people The Nat. Bank’s purpose was to give out loans to people/banks and keep the economy stable. Nicholas Biddle is the head of the Nat. Bank

Question 38

Jackson’s “pet banks”

Answer 38

He takes out money from the national bank and puts them in smaller banks, which causes an economic boom. However, Biddle is pissed off and thinks the way to save the nat. Bank is to call in loans, which is terrible for the economy and causes the panic of 1837

Question 39

democrats v whigs

Answer 39

Democrats: Jackson, Van Buren, Did not want national banks, The common people’s choice (farmers, workers, immigrants), Supported expansion, States rights Whigs: Clay, Calhoun, Webster, Wanted national banks, Middle class, the financially stable, wealthy’s choice (also reformers), Less expansion, internal improvements , Want a strong federal government

Question 40

election of 1840

Answer 40

Whigs elect William Henry Harrison as their ONLY candidate. They run him as a military hero from Tippecanoe. He said very little about his plans because his whole campaign was based on the fact that no one wanted Van Buren again. He wins the presidency, but dies within four weeks (L)

Question 41

Burr conspiracy

Answer 41

New Englanders (mainly federalists) are concerned about their power in the US, thinking about a split.However, they need NY for this to work and they wanted burr to help with thatNothing ever comes of this but they were known as the northern confederacy Burr was found on a flatboat with lots of them once and people were sus of him

Question 42

Industry effects of the war of 1812

Answer 42

when the British blocked our ports, we couldn’t import as much stuff so it forced the US to become more self sustaining and help industry growth