1 & 2 Flashcards
mycoplasmas are generally extracellular except for ______ mycoplasmas
hemotrophic
what DNA virus includes Foreign Animal Disease agents ? is it E or NE?
- Poxviridae
- E
what (2) RNA virus includes Foreign Animal Disease agents? are they E or NE?
- Bunyaviridae and Paramyxoviridae
- E
Rhabdoviridae should make you think ____
RABIES
transmission routes (7)
- aerosol
- oral
- direct contact
- reproductive (mating or fetus)
- fomite (inanimate object) or traffic fomite (human/vehicle/trailer is spreading it)
- vector born
- zoonotic
aerosol transmission foreign animal diseases for both the cat and dog
- dog: Glanders (Burkholderia mallei) and Nipah Virus
- cat: Glanders (Burkholderia mallei), Nipah Virus, and Hendra virus
aerosol transmission: zoonotic diseases for both the cat and dog
- both: Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis); Bordetella bronchiseptica; Glanders (Burkholderia mallei); Nipah Virus; Plague (Yersinia pestis); Melioidosis (Burkholderia pseudomallei); pneumocytic carinii; Q fever (Coxiella burnetii); Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium spp.)
- dog: Blastomyces dermatitids; Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)
- cat: Chlamydophila felia; Hendra virus
3 reasons for obtaining laboratory dz
- disease dx
- screen for infection
- certification that animal is infection free
diagnosis of microbial infections can be done by _____, _____ and ______
- detection of pathogens (culture, PCR, Ag detection assay)
- detection of immune response (ELISA, fluorescent Ab test, complement fixation, hemagglutination direct/indirect)
- detection of lesion (histology/immunohistology, molecular probes, EM)
how dx viral infection (6ways)
- isolate cell lines
- characteristic cellular pathology
- detect viral Ag
- detect viral specific RNA/DNA
- Ab response
- EM
problems with bacterial/ fungal culture
- slow
- fastidious or non-cultivable microbes
- may ned different medias
PCR vs reverse PCR vs real time PCR
- PCR: DNA amplification
- reverse PCR: RNA amplification
- real time PCR: amplification and quantification of DNA
true / false
PCR can detect infectious agents AND discriminate pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains
true
3 reasons why PCR is great for detecting viruses
- can target sequences or sequence the viral genome
- detect soon after infection and even before clinical signs
- estimates viral load
what is one thing we 100% need to make a PCR work and have good sensitivity
clinical isolate
detection of immune response
- > acute response would show more ___ while chronic would show more____
- > it is a good screening tool to test for ____ and _____
- acute response would show more IgM while chronic would show more IgG
- Vx efficacy and negative status of group animals
equations for sensitivity and specificity
- sensitivity= (TP) / (TP+FN)
- specificity= (TN)/ (TN+FP)
equation for prevalence
( TP + FN ) / # tested
equation for accuracy
( TP + TN) / # tested
equation for positive and negative predictive value
- positive predicted value= (TP)/(TP+FP)
- negative predicted value- (TN)/(TN+FN)
2 sample sites with their own microflora
- skin
- mucosal sites
5 sample sites without their own microflora
- blood
- CSF
- joint fluid
- bladder urine
- SQ
how to prep viral samples for the lab
- use viral transport medium kept at 4C (has buffers, proteins and Abx to inhibit bacteria)
- swabs might inhibit PCR due to contamination
how to collect sample for PCR Ag detection
-collection should be aseptic and stored COLD not frozen or fixed
