skin ear eye Flashcards
normal skin flora (2 gram +, 1 gram -, 2 anaerobes, 2 fungi)
gram +: strep and micrococcus
gram -: acinetobacter
anaerobes: clostridium and propionibacterium acnes
fungi: malassezia and pityrosporum
bacterial pyoderma
- common in cats and dogs?
- most common agent responsible
- second most common skin thing in dogs (after flea allergy), uncommon in cats
- staphylococcus pseudointermedius
bacterial pyoderma dx
CYTOLOGY
- skin scrape
- swabs or impressions, acetate tape (intact pustules)
- biopsy
- culture, ID and sensitivity test if cytology indicates mixed infection or abx didnt work
bacterial pyoderma tx
- tx underlying trigger
- topicals (chlorehex, ethyl lactate, ticlosan, benzol peroxide) to decrease # and establish homeostasis
fungi pyoderma
-common agents
malassezia pachydermatis
dermatophytosis (ringworm)
malassezia pachydermatis is the only spp of yeast that is ____
not lipid dependent
malassezia pachydermatis pyoderma dx
- cytology (tape, impression)
- dermatohistopathology
- culture
- allergy test showing hypersensitivity to malassezia
malassezia pachydermatis pyoderma tx
- underlying cause
- topical with medicated shampoo (ketoconazole, chlorhexidine, miconazole, selenium sulfide)
- PO with moderate to severe infections: ketoconazole for dogs and fluconazole for cats)
don’t use penicillins for skin stuff because ____
narrow gram + spectrum
common agents for dermatophytosis
microsporum (mostly canis but also M. gypsum) and trichophyton
wood’s lamp works for that type of ringworm agent
microsporum canis
ringworm tx
- cat almost always needs systemic tx, also for unresponsive dogs
- topical: clip area, topical antifungal, dip
- PO: long term 4 weeks post resolution
- tx other pets/people and environment
L-form skin infection
- cell-wall deficient bacteria that is NOT mycoplasma
- need special L-form medium to culture
- tx with tetracycline
actinomycosis (+) skin infection
- normal for oral flora that accidently inoculated into tissue
- causes draining gross ass infection in dogs while it causes pyothorax and SC abscesses in cats
- abx : Penicillin G
mycobacterium (+) skin infection
-what abx to use as prophylactic tx?
- long term abx needed
- doxycycline should be given prophylactically after penetrating wounds to prevent it
mycobacterium lepraemurium (+) in cat skin
- feline leprosy syndrome that causes many nonpainful raised nodules
- tx: sx and abx
mycobacterium (+) in dog skin
-canine leprosy from unspeciated environmental mycobacterium
what types of mycobacterium cause reportable tuberculosis?
- M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. avium
- euthanasia
what organism is responsible for the plague ? is it reportable ? tx?
- yersinia pestis
- reportable
- tx: gentamicin (aminoglycoside)
distemper and dog skin
- what does it cause in the skin ?
- tx?
- vx
- how to prevent it
- canine distemper virus
- nasal and digital hyperkeratosis
- tx: supportive
- prognosis is poor if nasodigital hyperkeratosis already started
- preventable with VX
papillomavirus and the skin
- what does it look like
- tx
- benign tumors that can happen really anywhere, many types for different body locations (genital, footpad, oral, etc)
- tx: regress on its own, sx, azythromycin (macrolide)
feline rhinotracheitis virus and the skin
- associated with herpes
- causes a bunch of ulcers
feline calicivirus (unenveloped RNA) causes _____ ulcers
-oral ulcers
feline cowpox (catpox) from orthopoxvirus on the cat skin
- not common
- usually from bite wound that turns into nasty generalized papules
