1-3 exam terms and concepts

Question 1

What is the definition of data?

Answer 1

Numbers in context

Question 2

What is data analysis?

Answer 2

It tries to summarize and explain the data

Question 3

What are variables in statistics?

Answer 3

They are the differences in what is being measured weather it is people or things

Question 4

What is a data set/ sample?

Answer 4

It’s a collection of data

Question 5

What is a sample?

Answer 5

It is a sample of the whole population

Question 6

What are the 2 main types of variables?

Answer 6

Numerical and categorical

Question 7

What is numerical data?

Answer 7

Data that involves numbers such as heights or ages

Question 8

What is categorical data?

Answer 8

Data that involves qualities such as color or location

Question 9

What is the difference between stacked and unstacked data?

Answer 9

Stacked means something has become coded or tuned into number 0 or 1 to correlate with association of a category ex male 1 female 0

Question 10

What type of experiment is least likely to prove a correlation?
A) Ancedotes
B) Observational
C) Controlled

Answer 10

A

Question 11

What is a distribution?

Answer 11

A way of displaying data where each datum as a frequency

Question 12

What’s the difference between a histogram and a relative frequency histogram?

Answer 12

A histogram uses the numbers as they are while a relative frequency histogram divides the specific point of data by all of the entries ex 4 divided by 11 is 0.36 so that is what would be displayed

Question 13

What is the formal definition of an outlier?

Answer 13

Haha sike there isn’t one

Question 14

How can you tell if a data set is left skewed?

Answer 14

If the “tail” goes to the left

Question 15

How can you tell if a data set is right skewed?

Answer 15

If the “tail” goes to the right

Question 16

What is the difference between a bar chart and a histogram?

Answer 16

A bar chart has spaces and a histogram does not

Question 17

What makes a bar chart “pareto”?

Answer 17

If if goes from largest to smallest aka goes downhill

Question 18

What does z- score measure?

Answer 18

How far a data point is away from the mean

Question 19

What are the best ways to show data if it categorical?

Answer 19

With a bar chart, pareto chart, or pie chart

Question 20

What are the best ways to show data if it is numerical?

Answer 20

With a dotplot, histogram, or stemplot

Question 21

What does standard deviation measure?

Answer 21

It measures the spread of data

Question 22

What does the IQR measure?

Answer 22

It measures the spread of data

Question 23

Is standard deviation or IQR a better measure of spread for a skewed data set?

Answer 23

IQR

Question 24

Is standard deviation or IQR a better measure of spread for a symmetrical data set?

Answer 24

Standard deviation

Question 25

How do you find a upper boundary outlier?

Answer 25

Q3+1.5 (IQR)

Question 26

How do you find a lower boundary outlier?

Answer 26

Q1- 1.5 (IQR)

Question 27

What are the 5 numbers needed for a five number summary?

Answer 27

Lowest number that is not an outlier Q1 Median Q3 Highest number that is not an outlier

Question 28

Is a lower or a higher Z-score more unusual?

Answer 28

A higher z score because that means the data point is further form the mean

Question 29

Fill in the blank: For a distribution that is skewed__________, the mean tends to be larger than the median

Answer 29

right

Question 30

Fill in the blank: The _________________ measures the average distance of the observations from the mean

Answer 30

Standard deviation

Question 31

Fill in the blank: The interquartile range (IQR) is the best measure of variation for a skewed distribution, because it tells us how much space in in the middle _____% of the data occupy.

Answer 31

50%

Question 32

Fill in the blank: The _______ describes the "typical" value in a qualitative data set

Answer 32

mode

Question 33

Fill in the blank: To make cause-and-effect conclusions about relationships, a researcher needs to set up a ____________ experiment.

Answer 33

Controlled