1급 제5과 Flashcards

(9 cards)

1
Q

-까지

A

This particle is used with a noun to denote the finishing point of time or place.

  • 종로까지 걸어갑니다.
  • 서울에서 부산까지 기차로 5시간 걸립니다.
  • 12시에서 1시끼지 점심시간입니다.
  • 몇 시까지 갑니까?
  • 여기까지 하십시요.
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2
Q

-어요/아요/여요

A

This informal-style final ending is used with a verb stem and is used frequently in conversation with friends. Depending on your intonation, this form can express declaratives, interrogatives, imperatives or suggestions.

Formal Style → Informal Style

  • Declarative: -습니다/ㅂ니다 → -어요/아요/여요
  • Interrogative: -습니까/ㅂ니까? → -어요/아요/여요?
  • Imperative: -으십시오/십시오 → -으세요/세요
  • Suggestion: -읍시다/ㅂ시다 → -어요/아요/여요

Verb stems ending in “아,” “오” or “야” take “-아요.” Verb stems ending in other vowels take “어요.” The verb “하다” takes “-여요” which is often contracted to “해요.”

When a verb stem’s final vowel and the initial vowel of this ending come together, the following contractions apply:

  • 아 + 아 → 아 → 가아요 → 가요
  • 어 + 어 → 어 → 서어요 → 서요
  • 으 + 어 → 어 → 쓰어요 → 써요
  • 오 + 아 → 와 → 오아요 → 와요
  • 우 + 어 → 워 → 배우어요 → 배워요
  • 이 + 어 → 여 → 기다리어요 → 기아려요
  • 하 + 여 → 해 → 일하여요 → 일해요
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3
Q

-지요?

A

This final ending is used with a verb stem. It is used when the speaker wants to seek the listener’s agreement or to ascertain the listener’s meaning.

  • 날씨가 업지요?
  • 선생님이 좋지요?
  • 란마다 운동하기지요?
  • 내일 학교에 가지요?
  • 오늘이 목요일이지요?
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4
Q

-으세요/서요

A

This honorific form results from adding “–으시-,” the honorific suffix to “-어요”/“아요”/“여요.” Jus as with “-어요”/“아요”/“여요,” depending on your intonation, this form can express a declarative, a question, an imperative or a suggestion. Verb stems ending in a vowel take “-세요,” and verb stems ending in a consonant take “-으세요.”

  • 이번에는 홓 선생님이 가세요.
  • 어떤 음식이 좋으세요?
  • 요즘 많이 바쁘세요?
  • 저와 같이 가세요.
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5
Q

-에

A

This particle is used with a time noun to indicate the time when the action or situation takes place. It is not used with nouns of time like “언제,” “오늘,” “내일,” “어제,” “그저께” or “모레.”

  • 9시에 학교에 갑니다.
  • 12시에 점심을 억었습니다.
  • 내년에 대학교를 졸엽합니다.
  • 겨울에는 날씨가 춥습니다.
  • 언제 한국에 도셨습니까?
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6
Q

-부터 ~ 까지

A

It is used with a place or time noun to indicate a range.

  • 아홉 시부터 한 시까지 공부합니다.
  • 월요일부터 금요일까지는 바쁩니다.
  • 1층부터 5층까지는 기숙사입니다.
  • 1과부터 10과까지 시험을 보겠습니다.
  • 여기부터 저기까지 뛰어갑시다.
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7
Q

-고

A

This connective ending is used with an action verb to indicate the order of the action. It is not used with the past-tense marker “-었”/“았”/“였-.” Tense is indicated in the verb that follows.

  • 숙제를 하고 잡니다.
  • 밥을 멱고 이를 닦았습니다.
  • 졸업하고 고향에 돌아갈 거예요.
  • 손을 씻고 오세요.
  • 영화를 보고 울였습니다.
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8
Q

-었/았/였-

A

This suffix is used with a verb stem to indicate past tense. When the verb stem ends with the vowels “아” and “요” (except “하다”), use “-았-.” Use “-었” when the verb ends in other vowels. For “하다,” use “-였-” to form “하였습니다” usually shortened to “했습니다.”

  • 여행이 좋았습니까?
  • 점심을 먹였습니다.
  • 어제 무엇을 했습니까?
  • 작년까지 학생이었습니다.
  • 그 사람은 키가 아주 컸습니다.
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9
Q

ㅂ 동사

A

Some verbs that end in “ㅂ” don’t go by the regular conjugation rules. When verbs such as “덥다” or “춥다” are followed by an ending beginning with a vowel, “ㅂ” changes to “우.” Exceptionally in the cases of “돕다” and “곱다,” “ㅂ” changes to “오” when followed by the vowels “-어”/“아,” and it changes to “우” when followed by “-으.” On the other hand, some action verbs such as “입다,” “잡다” and “씹다” and descriptive verbs such as “좁다” or “젋다” follow the regular conjugation rules.

  • 어제는 날씨가 아주 더웠습니다.
  • 비빔밥이 매워요.
  • 한국말이 너무 어녀워요.
  • 여기 누우세요.
  • 좀 도와주세요.
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