1 Flashcards
The conditions that a researcher wishes to prevent from affecting the outcome of the experiment are the variables.
extraneous variables
Which of the following is an appropriate use of naturalistic observation?
to raise questions and suggest hypotheses
To equalize the intelligence of members of the experimental and control group in an experiment, you could use
random assignment
An experiment is performed to see if background music improves learning. Two groups study the same material, one while listening to music and another without music. The independent variable is
music
You want to test people’s cola preferences, so you conduct a taste test using two different brands of cola. However, you are worried about possible clues you may give people taking the test. So, you label the two colas and have your assistant, who does not know which cola is which, administer the test to the subjects. Thus, you have prevented yourself and your assistant from giving out any clues by using
a double-blind experiment
The dependent variable is the one that is
revealed by measures of performance
One of the advantages of the experimental method is that
clear cause-and-effect relationships can be identified
The independent variable in an experiment is
the variable that the experimenter chooses to manipulate
The existence of a consistent, systematic relationship between two events, measures, or variables is known as a(n)
correlation
An inactive substance, such as a sugar pill or a saline injection, that is given in the place of a drug in psychological research or by physicians who want to treat a complaint by suggestion, is called a(n)
placebo
Naturalistic observation, correlational studies, the clinical method, and the survey method are considered __________ methods
non experimental
If a correlational relationship is perfect, the coefficient would
be a +1.00 or a -1.00
A positive correlation means that as one variable increases, the other variable
increases
In surveys conducted the week after an election, more people will say they voted than actually did, indicating a courtesy bias
TRUE
your medical record would be an example of a case study
true
The graph shown depicts a __________ correlation
zero
In 1868, Phineas Gage, a young foreman on a work crew, had a 13-pound steel rod impaled into the front of his brain by an explosion of dynamite. Amazingly, he survived the accident; and within two months, Gage could walk, talk, and move normally, but the injury forever changed his personality. Dr. Harlow carefully recorded all details of this accidental frontal lobotomy. Dr. Harlow used which research method in documenting Phineas Gage’s behavior?
case study method
As consumption of ice cream increases during the year, so does the number of aggravated assaults. A politician advocates that ice cream be banned so that the crime rate will go down. Besides needing to be voted out of office, this politician needs to understand
the difference between correlation and causation
One of the limitations of the survey method is
that replies may reflect social desirability
Psychologists often obtain much information by observing the behavior of human and animals in their usual settings. They then use this information to form hypotheses and questions for future research. These psychologists are most likely using which research method?
naturalistic observation
Consistency of measurement from one time to another is
Reliability
the most frequent response is
mode
accuracy of measurement is
validity
average of responses
mean
