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Question 1

25 year old male race car driver is admitted to the Emer. Dep. after a severe car crash. Radiographic studies reveal damage to the tip of the transverse process of the third cervical vert., with a significantly large pulsating hematoma. What artery is the most likely to have been damaged?

Answer 1

Vertebral Artery

Question 2

38 year old male is admitted to the ER after a car collision. During physical exam several lacerations in the back are discovered. Pain from lacerations or irritations of the skin of the back is conveyed to the central nervous system by what?

Answer 2

Post. Rami

Question 3

65 year old patient complains of severe, chronic pain from the region of her right hip. The patient is admitted to the hospital and a decision is made to perform surgery to avoid prescribing excessive pain medication. In such a case, which would the surgeon most likely choose to perform?

Answer 3

Transection of the dorsal rootlets of spinal nerves supplying the right hip

Question 4

Which nerve fibers carry sensation of a mosquito bite on the back, just lateral to the spinous process of the T4 vert?

Answer 4

Somatic afferent

Question 5

15 year old female was suspected to have meningitis. To obtain a sample of cerebrospinal fluid by spinal tap in the lumbar region, the tip of the needle must be placed in which location

Answer 5

Subarachnoid space

Question 6

Going from superior to inferior, the sequence of the vert. column is

Answer 6

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx

Question 7

The structure that furnishes the axis for the rotation of the head from side to side is the

Answer 7

dens

Question 8

In spinal anesthesia the needle is often inserted between the spinous processes of the L4 and L5 vertebrae to ensure that the spinal cord isn’t injurd. The level is safe because in the adult the spinal cord usually terminates at the disk between which of the following vert. levels

Answer 8

L1 and L2

Question 9

All synovial joins have an enclosed cavity with a lubricating fluid

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Hinge joints permit adduction and abduction

Answer 10

false

Question 11

Myotome is a term referring to a portion of a skeletal muscle that is innervated by motor neuron axons from a given spinal nerve

Answer 11

True

Question 12

The spinal ganglion is located on the ant. nerve root

Answer 12

False

Question 13

Lateral curvature of the spine is called

Answer 13

scoliosis

Question 14

The type of movement that increases the angle between body parts is

Answer 14

extension

Question 15

The innermost layer of the meninges is the

Answer 15

pia matter

Question 16

Which part of the vert. column has one more pair of nerves coming from it than it has vertebra?

Answer 16

Cervical

Question 17

Nerves that contain mostly afferent nerves are called

Answer 17

Sensory nerves

Question 18

Superficial and inferior are opposite directional terms in humans

Answer 18

False

Question 19

The tubercle of each rib articulates with the vertebra’s body

Answer 19

False

Question 20

The blunt, cartilaginous, lower tip of the sternum is called teh xiphoid process

Answer 20

True

Question 21

The mediastinum contains all the following except the:

Answer 21

right lung

Question 22

The right atrioventricular valve is also called the

Answer 22

tricuspid

Question 23

Which of the following vessels carries blood from the lungs to the heart?

Answer 23

Pulmonary vein

Question 24

A blood clot in the first vessel branching from the aortic arch would affect the

Answer 24

right side of the head and neck and the right arm

Question 25

The cluster of lymph nodes found in the underarm and upper chest regions is referred to as

Answer 25

Axillary nodes

Question 26

During cardiac catheterization of a 6 year old child, the radiologist notes that the contrast medium released into the arch of the aorta is vidible immediately in the left pulmonary artery. What is the most likely explanation for this finiding?

Answer 26

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Question 27

An unconscious 2 month old infant is admitted to the emergency department after an automobile collision. An emergency tracheostomy is performed just superior to the jugular noth of the sternum. Which of the following structures is most commonly at high risk of injury during this procedure?

Answer 27

Left brachiocephalic vein

Question 28

A 62 year old male patient expresses concern that his voice has changed over the preceding months. Imaging reveals a growth located within the aortic arch, adjacent to the left pulmonary artery. Which neural structure is most likely being compressed to cause the changes in the patient's voice?

Answer 28

Left rec. laryngeal nerve

Question 29

39 year old male is admitted to the hospital with a complaint of severe retrosternal pain that radiates to the left shoulder. The pain is relieved by leaning forward. Auscultation reveals a pericardial friction rub, leading to a diagnosis of pericarditits. Which of the following nerves is responsible for the radiating pain?

Answer 29

Phrenic

Question 30

32 year old female is admitted to the hospital in a comatose state. Physical examination reveals that the patient suffers from anorexia nervosa. A nasogastric tube is ordered to be inserted. What is the last site at which resistance woul be expected as the tube passes from the nose to the stomach?

Answer 30

Esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

Question 31

48 year old male patient is scheduled to have a coronary arterial bypass because of chronic angina. Coronary arteriography reveals nearly total blockage of the posterior descending interventricular artery. In exposing this artery to perform the bypass procedure, which accompanying vessel is most susceptible to injury?

Answer 31

Middle Cardiac Vein

Question 32

22 year old woman sustained a chest injury upon impact with the steering wheel during a car crash. Upon admission of the patient to the hospital, physical exam. revealed profuse swelling, inflammation, and deformation of the chest wall. A radiograph revealed an uncommon fracture of the manubrium at the sternomanubrial joint. Which of the following ribs would be most likely to also be involved in such an injury?

Answer 32

Second

Question 33

41 year old male is admitted to the ER with complaints of shortness of breath, dizziness, and sharp chest pain. The large arrow in his chest radiograph indicates the region of pathology. What is it?

Answer 33

Left ventricle

Question 34

42 year old man is admitted to the hospital with retrosternal pain. Endoscopy and biopsy examinations of the trachea reveal a malignant growth at the right main bronchus. Which of the following lymph nodes will most likely by the first infiltrated by cancerous cells from the malignancy?

Answer 34

Tracheobronchial

Question 35

35 yera old man is admitted to the hospital with severe chest pain, dyspnea, tachycardia, cough, and fever. Radiographic examination reveals sig. pericardial effustion. WHen pericardiocentesis is performed, the needle is inserted up from the infrasternal angel. The needle passes too deeply, piercing the visceral pericardium and entering the heart. Which of the following chambers would be the first to be penetrated by the needle?

Answer 35

Right Ventricle

Question 36

15 year old male is admitted to the hospital with cough and severe dyspnea; Physical examination reveals expiratory wheezes and a diagnosis is made of acute asthma. The expiratory wheezes are characteristic signs of bronchospasm of the smooth muscle of the bronchial airways. Which of the following nerves could be blocked to result in relaxation of the smooth muscle?

Answer 36

Vagus

Question 37

A 35 year old female is admitted to the ER because of cardiac arrhythmia. ECG exam reveals that the patient suffers from atrial fibrillation. Where is the mass of specialized conducting tissue that initiates the cardiac cycle located?

Answer 37

At the junction of the sup. vena cava and the right atrium