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1 A- ANAT Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

What are bones made up of?

A

collagen and calcium

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1
Q

Where is cortical bone? What is it?

A

along edge of bone and shaft
compact

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2
Q

What is the purpose of cortical bone?

A

Take force
Strong and rigid

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3
Q

Where is cancellous bone? What is it?

A

Marrow cavity, ends of bone, spongy

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4
Q

What is the purpose of cancellous bone?

A

absorb shock

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5
Q

What are the types of bones?

A

Flat
Sutural
Short
Irregular
Sesamoid
Long

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6
Q

What are the parts of a long bone?

A

Epiphysis
Metaphysis
Diaphysis
Epiphyseal plate

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7
Q

What is the order of the parts of a long bone?

A

Epiphysis
Metaphysis
Diaphysis
Metaphysis
Epiphysis

Epiphyseal plate

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8
Q

What are ligaments?

A

connect bone to tissue

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9
Q

What is the purpose of a ligament?

A

contribute to the stability of the joint

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10
Q

What are the types of joints?

A

Fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

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11
Q

What is a fibrous joint?

A

Joints sutures of the skull
No movement

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12
Q

What are ligaments and tendons composed of?

A

collagen

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13
Q

What are cartilaginous joints?

A

joined by cartilage
slight movement

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14
Q

What are synovial joints?

A

covered in articular (hyaline cartilage)
joint capsule that produces synovium
allows the movement

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15
Q

synovium

A

lines inside joints
provides lubrication and nutrients

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16
Q

articular cartilage

A

slippery and smooth
dense connective tissue
cushion and absorbs force

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17
Q

What are the types of synovial joints?

A

ball and socket
hinge
saddle joint
gliding joint
pivot joint
ellipsoidal

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18
Q

What is a ball and socket joint?

A

spherical surface of one and concave depression of another

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19
Q

What is a hinge joint?

A

flexion and extension around single axis

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20
Q

What is a saddle joint?

A

convex and concave surface moving around two axis

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21
Q

What is a gliding joint?

A

two flat surfaces

least movement of synovial

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22
Q

What is a pivot joint?

A

single axis with one bone rotating around the other

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23
Q

What is an ellipsoidal joint?

A

convex and concave
flexion and extension also abduction and adduction

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24
What is mature cartilage? What does this mean? options: vascular/avascular and aneural/neural
avascular and aneural limits ability to heal after injury
25
What does cartilage lack?
nocioreceptors (pain receptors)
26
What is nocioreceptors?
pain receptors
27
What is avascular?
lacks blood vessels
28
What occurs when there is joint pain?
It is most likely severely compromised There is no pain receptors so it must be really bad
29
What is aneural?
lacks nerves
30
What occurs to the layers of tissue in prolonged joint compression? What is the purpose?
They compress and increase firmness and resistance Protects the joints
31
What is a tendon? What is the purpose?
connects muscle to bone transfers the force of the muscle contraction to the bone allows joint movement
32
What is a joint capsule? What does it pertain to?
sleeve around the synovial joint allows passive stability and lubrication
33
Are bones, ligaments, and tendons active or passive?
passive they don't generate force
34
What are the three types of muscles?
skeletal- striated cardiac smooth- visceral
35
What is each fiber surrounded by in a muscle?
endomysium
36
What is endomysium? What does it contain?
connective tissue layer surround individual muscle fibers capillaries and nerve fibers
37
What are groups of muscle fibers called?
fascicles
38
What is the connective tissue that surrounds the groups of fascicles?
perimysium
39
What connective tissue layer surounds all of the groups of fascicles?
epimysium
40
What does perimysium and epimysium allow the muscle to do?
muscle extensibility (stretch)
41
What is the contractile unit of a protein?
sarcomere
42
What is a myofibril? What do they divide into?
contractile protein within a muscle fiber sarcomeres
43
What does the thicker filament do? What is it made up of?
horizontal shaft of sarcomere myosin
44
What is myosin?
Makes up thicker filaments protein
45
What does the thin filament do? What is it made up of?
-- actin
46
What is actin?
makes up thin filaments protein
47
What is the M line?
notes the midpoint of the thick myosin filament
48
What are titin filaments? What does it do?
border around myosin limits excursion (side-to-side movement) contributes to passive tightness of the muscle
49
Where are thin actin filaments?
lie on either side of the myosin filament
50
Why does the myosin and thin filament overlap?
provides surface contact to generate force for muscle contraction
51
Where are Z disks and what do they do?
opposing ends of sarcomere and connect thin filament
52
What generates the force in a muscle contraction?
myosin
53
What does the strength of a muscle contraction depend on?
amount of motor units
54
At what point of a muscle contraction is it the strongest?
partially contracted
55
What is PCSA?
physiological cross-sectional area cross-section of muscle at it's widest point
56
What factors into the amount of force a muscle contraction can generate?
size fiber length orientation position of joint and length when activated
57
What are the different orientations of muscles?
pennate- multipennate, bipennate, unipennate fusiform sphincter
58
What is pennate muscles?
obliquely slanted parallel to line of force
59
What do pennate muscles allow?
don't run the entire length of muscle shorter fibers exert more force
60
What is fusiform muscles?
straight
61
What do fusiform muscles allow?
longer fibers apply force over more range of movement
62

Anatomy (6 decks)

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